This paper explores the concept of the Rational Actor as an explanation for the involvement of Western radical Islamists into non-violent lesser jihad, namely the jihad of the Pen or the Tongue....Show moreThis paper explores the concept of the Rational Actor as an explanation for the involvement of Western radical Islamists into non-violent lesser jihad, namely the jihad of the Pen or the Tongue. Using a qualitative thematic analysis of six first-hand accounts of non-violent radicals, the aim of the current study is to contribute to existing theory and evidence on non-violent radicalization. The findings of the study point out to three main ideas that shed light on this type of radicalization. Ultimately, jihad of the Pen or the Tongue emerges from rational decision-making rooted in different aspects of the individual’s life: his family and ideological background; his inherent physical and mental qualities; and the role of an external push for a rational choice. The findings contribute to a broader evidence-base on non-violent radicalization, whilst also providing a base from which novel descriptive and explanatory research can develop. Implications for those tasked with preventing radicalization in this way are also discussed.Show less
