Research master thesis | Middle Eastern Studies (research) (MA)
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This thesis traces the development of the kafala system in Bahrain from its modern origins in the British protectorate era until its reform in the first and second decade of the twenty-first...Show moreThis thesis traces the development of the kafala system in Bahrain from its modern origins in the British protectorate era until its reform in the first and second decade of the twenty-first century. It conducts a historical analysis based on archival evidence to elucidate the intricate interlocking of this trajectory with multiscalar, overlapping, and often competing social, economic, and political transformations. Material incentives, as well as domestic and regional political pressures, played a key role in this formulation. The history uncovered sheds important light on the critical shortcomings of recent reforms to Bahrain’s labour migration regime and the fundamental obstructions to change. It demonstrates that the persistent vulnerability of migrant workers under contemporary structures of kafala is inextricably linked to the workings of the global economy under the capitalist mode of production. Privileging this interconnection as the vantage point from which to consider labour migration regimes in the Gulf is crucial if we are to understand and assess the challenges to and opportunities for change.Show less
This paper looks at the PvdA and the Dutch labour unions'response to the immigration flows of the 1960s and 1970s. How did the PvdA and the labour unions accommodate these new groups of immigrants...Show moreThis paper looks at the PvdA and the Dutch labour unions'response to the immigration flows of the 1960s and 1970s. How did the PvdA and the labour unions accommodate these new groups of immigrants into their policies.Show less
This works examines the social position of central- and eastern european (labour) migrants in the Netherlands. While most academic literature focus on economic aspects this work examines social...Show moreThis works examines the social position of central- and eastern european (labour) migrants in the Netherlands. While most academic literature focus on economic aspects this work examines social aspects; most notably in terms of integration. Such aspects are, inter alia, social assistance benefits, language, cultural norms and values, living- and housing conditions and crime. Additionally, civil servants of several municipalities were contacted to gain insight, as these actors are directly involved with such EU citizens. The research showed that most stereotypes associated with central- and eastern migrants are unsubstantiated and that the vast majority contribute in a positive manner to Dutch society.Show less
