Food waste is a global problem, which necessitates addressing. A pilot (N = 56) and main study (N = 124) used online survey research to explore the expected negative relationship between viewing a...Show moreFood waste is a global problem, which necessitates addressing. A pilot (N = 56) and main study (N = 124) used online survey research to explore the expected negative relationship between viewing a food waste reduction-poster and food waste intentions, the expected negative relationship between self-efficacy and food waste intentions and the expected moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between poster and food waste intentions. In the main study, participants were randomly allocated to a poster (N = 31) or control condition (N = 30) without a poster. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no differences between groups nor within participants when comparing food waste intentions between two measurement points. Regression analyses showed neither a main- nor a moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between seeing the poster and food waste intentions. Limitations, suggestions and implications were discussed and the importance of future research into this subject was highlighted.Show less
Research master thesis | Psychology (research) (MSc)
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Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) lack the full-length dystrophin protein. In muscle this protein contributes to membrane integrity. It is also found in the brain, but its function...Show morePatients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) lack the full-length dystrophin protein. In muscle this protein contributes to membrane integrity. It is also found in the brain, but its function there is unclear. Patients with DMD experience a number of cognitive and behavioral problems, and MRI studies have shown reduced gray matter and total brain volume. The current study aimed to assess whether these MRI findings are progressive and whether neural correlates of psychological problems in DMD are similar to those in healthy controls. Previously-acquired pediatric data was combined with newly-acquired data from adult DMD patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Subjects underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan and a neuropsychological evaluation. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of age and DMD on the ratio of gray matter to cerebrospinal fluid volume (GMV:CSFV) and total brain volume corrected for intracranial volume (TBV:ICV). An independent-samples t-test and a voxel-based morphometry analysis were used to compare gray matter volume in patients with psychological problems to patients without such problems, to identify global or local gray matter reductions in patients with psychological problems. Patients with DMD had reduced GMV:CSFV and TBV:ICV compared to healthy controls (b=-0.43, p<0.001; b=-0.02, p<0.001 respectively). Both GMV:CSFV and TBV:ICV linearly decreased in both groups (b=-0.09, p<0.001; b=-0.003, p<0.001 respectively), but this was not different between-groups (p>0.05). No global (p>0.05) or localized gray matter volume reductions were found in patients with DMD with psychological problems compared to patients without such problems. In both patients and healthy controls gray matter was displaced by cerebrospinal fluid over time, suggesting this process is not a pathological mechanism in DMD. Patients with DMD did have a lower GMV:CSFV and TBV:ICV ratio, suggesting this is a diseased mechanism. No global or local GM reductions were found in patients with DMD with psychological problems compared to patients without such problems.Show less
Introduction. Longitudinal prospective studies are needed to identify risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms 15 years after trauma, since cross-sectional findings do not...Show moreIntroduction. Longitudinal prospective studies are needed to identify risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms 15 years after trauma, since cross-sectional findings do not inform how a possible pattern change as the clinical condition extends. Recently, thyroid hormones were in the top fifteen most relevant biochemical predictors for PTSD symptom trajectory within one year after trauma. Moreover, peritraumatic distress (PD) is highly associated with PTSD symptom severity. Nevertheless, most studies did not investigate the course of PTSD 15 years after a serious injury. This study hypothesized that higher thyroid functioning acutely after trauma, and higher PD predicted higher 15-year PTSD symptom severity, while the thyroid functioning mediated the relation between PD and 15-year PTSD symptom severity. Methods. This longitudinal prospective study examined 452 serious injury survivors. Blood samples were obtained acutely after trauma, and PD 23 days after trauma. PTSD symptom severity was assessed 15 years after trauma (M = 2.77, SD = 4.64), with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale. Results. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that 15-year PTSD symptom severity was not predicted by the thyroid hormones and PD, and the thyroid hormones did not mediate the relation between PD and 15-year PTSD symptom severity. Discussion. Our study showed the importance of predicting 15-year PTSD symptoms, since understanding how and when these symptoms occur could be crucial for treatment and promising for risk identification at an early stage. More longitudinal studies are needed to understand why some people do, and others do not develop 15-year PTSD symptoms.Show less
Veel jonge kinderen laten een vorm van agressie zien. Vaak vinden ouders dit onacceptabel en proberen de agressie te stoppen door de kinderen te disciplineren. In deze studie is er gekeken naar de...Show moreVeel jonge kinderen laten een vorm van agressie zien. Vaak vinden ouders dit onacceptabel en proberen de agressie te stoppen door de kinderen te disciplineren. In deze studie is er gekeken naar de relatie tussen de mate van agressie van het kind en de mate van fysiek disciplineren van de ouders, waarbij apart werd gekeken voor vaders en moeders, en jongens en meisjes. Hierbij is er gebruik gemaakt van een longitudinaal design met twee meetmomenten (T1 en T2). De steekproef bestond uit 100 jongens en meisjes (gemiddeld drie jaar op T1 en vier jaar op T2) en hun vader en moeder. Fysieke discipline van ouder werd op T1 geobserveerd tijdens een afblijftaak. De mate van agressie van het kind werd gemeten op T1 en T2 aan de hand van de Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000) die zowel vader als moeder invulden. Uit de resultaten is gebleken dat jongens en meisjes evenveel agressie laten zien. Daarnaast is er gebleken dat gender van het kind alleen samenhangt met de fysieke discipline van moeder, waarbij zij jongens vaker fysiek disciplineren dan meisjes. Ten slotte is er gevonden dat enkel de fysieke discipline van vader op T1 een significante voorspeller is voor agressie bij jongens op T2. Jongens lijken gevoeliger voor de fysieke disciplinering van vaders dan meisjes. Daarnaast lijken moeders een meer genderspecifieke opvoeding te laten zien dan vaders.Show less
