Social competence is important for engaging in meaningful interactions with other people. An important aspect of social competence is prosocial behaviour. Some prosocial behaviours can be costly...Show moreSocial competence is important for engaging in meaningful interactions with other people. An important aspect of social competence is prosocial behaviour. Some prosocial behaviours can be costly and by showing sensitivity in their parent-child interaction, children learn and adopt behaviour from their parents. Therefore, we investigated the relation between parental sensitivity and costly prosocial behaviour because parents might influence their children's prosocial behaviour. Moreover, differential susceptibility markers such as the temperamental trait perceptual sensitivity contribute to responding to environmental cues. Therefore, we investigated whether perceptual sensitivity had a moderation effect on the relation between parental sensitivity and costly prosocial behaviour in terms of donation in middle childhood. This study focused on this developmental period because it is an important, transitional stage of children’s development. This study is cross-sectional and our sample consisted of participants (N=216) aged 7-9 that were part of a larger experimental cohort-sequential longitudinal twin study (L-CID). Parental sensitivity was measured with an observational task in which parent-child interaction was observed during a structured situation. A donation task was performed to assess the amount of money that children donate after watching a charity video. Self-report measures were used to access the temperament trait in terms of perceptual sensitivity. Firstly, we hypothesized that there was a positive relation between parental sensitivity and costly prosocial behaviour. After performing a regression analysis, we found no relation within our sample. Secondly, we also hypothesized that perceptual sensitivity moderated the relation between parental sensitivity and costly prosocial behaviour. However, after performing moderation analysis, there was found no interaction effects between our constructs. Our findings indicate that there is not a direct association in how the level of sensitivity in parents influences their children donating behaviour but that other factors such as individual characteristics or environmental factors might be further researched in order to know predictors of costly prosocial behaviour in middle childhood.Show less
Over the years, parental behaviors were proved to influence children’s mental health. Rejection constitutes one of the main behaviors that affect the socioemotional adjustment of the child....Show moreOver the years, parental behaviors were proved to influence children’s mental health. Rejection constitutes one of the main behaviors that affect the socioemotional adjustment of the child. Existing literature suggests that low educated parents are more rejecting, while their children show higher levels of internalizing problems compared to their peers. Even though parents constitute the most significant others of the child, as children grow older, they become more functionally autonomous. In the current study, three analyses were conducted to examine the correlation between parental rejection and internalizing problems exclusively in observed parent-child interactions (k = 20, N = 3.689), parental educational level as a confounder of the latter correlation (k = 12, N = 1.579) and children’s age as a possible moderator (k = 19, N = 2.613). Results show positive effects for the correlation between rejection and internalizing problems (ES = .11). Both moderator analyses were insignificant. In the future, it is necessary to examine the individual effect of parental educational level on rejecting behaviors and internalizing problems. More studies are needed to examine whether the strength of the correlation between parental rejection and internalizing problems alters based on diverse developmental stages of the child.Show less
