This study focused on the effect of rewards on the cooperative behaviour of individuals when they were part of a mixed group containing both democrats and republicans. There were two conditions, in...Show moreThis study focused on the effect of rewards on the cooperative behaviour of individuals when they were part of a mixed group containing both democrats and republicans. There were two conditions, in the first condition the participants were told they could receive a different amount of reward, based on their political preference. In the second condition, this differential treatment was impossible, and all group members received the same amount of reward. It was expected that participants would cooperate more in the condition where they could be favoured by the reward-giver who shared their same political preferences. The study outcomes showed the opposite effect: individuals cooperated more when rewarding implied an equal treatment for all compared to when there was a possibility of being favoured.Show less
In this thesis I have analysed the linguistic features that are used to distance oneself from members of the outgroup, and how these features show change when a character redefines the social self...Show moreIn this thesis I have analysed the linguistic features that are used to distance oneself from members of the outgroup, and how these features show change when a character redefines the social self by breaking away from the ingroup, making use of Eve Harris’ novel The Marrying of Chani Kaufman (2013) as a corpus. The framework of Critical Discourse Analysis was applied, and adapted for use in fictional literature in terms of analysed features and interpretational dimensions. The features that were analysed focus on the use of locational cues (e.g. deixis), framing of time (e.g. narration time, tense and aspect), and choice of diction (e.g. adjectives, adverbials). For the interpretation of the results I deviated from Fairclough's commonly used three dimensional analysis structure (Jørgensen & Phillips, 2002, pp. 81-86), which is more suitable for use of non-fictional works in their relation to extratextual links and other cultural elements. Instead I made use of an interpretation that extrapolates the dimensions to aspects of the individual as they show in fiction: ideology, constructing reality, and social inequality. In sum, the analysis reveals that features with regard to social inequality, especially thought representation, demonstratives and focalisation, change when Rivka identifies herself increasingly with members of the outgroup.Show less
