Human activities have impacted the natural landscape and vegetation from the emergence of agriculture onwards. Subsequent traces of anthropogenic activities are documented and preserved in...Show moreHuman activities have impacted the natural landscape and vegetation from the emergence of agriculture onwards. Subsequent traces of anthropogenic activities are documented and preserved in paleoenvironmental archives, such as peat or lake sequences. The current study utilizes a high-resolution pollen dataset retrieved from a peat sequence in combination with archaeological data from the area to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and cultural landscape of the area of Haraldstadmyr bog in Southeastern Norway. An in-depth analysis of agricultural activities was performed focusing on the period of the Early Iron Age to the Medieval Period. Utilizing radiocarbon dating, a chronology of farming activities was provided. Archaeological burial dates from a local burial site located were used in comparison with the pollen data to interpret habitational patterns of the local area. As a result, periods of intensive farming as well as periods of abandonment were identified. In addition, periods of pastoral farming were distinguished from periods of mixed farming. The forcing factors of the changes seen in farming strategies and agricultural intensity are likely related to climate changes as well as societal changes in the area. In this study, a new finding is proposed, indicating an abandonment of the area around 950 CE. An abandonment of the agricultural area in Southeastern Norway in the mid 10th century has not been previously discovered nor studied. Further in-depth studies are needed in order to confirm this finding, as well as to identify the forcing factors of the abandonment.Show less
The colonisation of the New World by the Europeans is a key event in the history of mankind. This colonisation brought about the exchange of goods, ideas, diseases and populations between the New...Show moreThe colonisation of the New World by the Europeans is a key event in the history of mankind. This colonisation brought about the exchange of goods, ideas, diseases and populations between the New World and the Old World. The timing and the progress of this colonisation process is uncertain and has been a heavily debated issue for years. A new research project called NEXUS 1492 aims to shed new light on this colonisation process through a multidisciplinary approach. In June and July 2012 an archaeological excavation took place on a Pre-European site on Anse-Trabaud, Martinique, as part of the research NEXUS 1492 performs in that region. During this excavation many archaeological materials were found, with the recovery of organic plant material being very surprising. This is because organic plant material generally decomposes in tropical areas because of the warm and humid environment. The plant macrofossils from Anse-Trabaud were researched for this thesis. This is important because plant macrofossils are generally not transported very far, enabling accurate local reconstructions of the former environment of the site. Due to the rarity of this type of material there is no extensive modern reference collection which means a number of fossils are described but are as yet unidentified. This thesis will present descriptions with pictures of 19 plant taxa. This data is used to reconstruct the past vegetation and environment at the site as well as determine the age of the sediments that contained the plant macrofossil assemblage.Show less
