In 1572 is Zutphen het toneel van een burgeroorlog. In juni vindt de stad aansluiting bij de Opstand van Willem van Oranje en Willem van den Bergh, dankzij hulp van binnenuit. In november wordt de...Show moreIn 1572 is Zutphen het toneel van een burgeroorlog. In juni vindt de stad aansluiting bij de Opstand van Willem van Oranje en Willem van den Bergh, dankzij hulp van binnenuit. In november wordt de stad door het regeringsleger van Alva en don Fadrique heroverd en gestraft voor de opstandigheid. Volgens verhalen uit de latere herinneringscultuur vindt er dan een bloedbad onder de burgerbevolking plaats. Deze scriptie laat zien dat dit verhaal het product is van eigentijdse geruchten en propaganda, en gepolitiseerde herinneringspraktijken in de zeventiende eeuw. De lokale herinneringscultuur is een modern verschijnsel. Het aanvankelijke uitblijven van een lokale herinneringstraditie wordt verklaard door het ontbreken van belanghebbenden en de werking van vergetelheidclausules in amnestieregelingen als het Generaal Pardon (1574) en de Pacificatie van Gent (1576). Wat is er dan wel gebeurd? In werkelijkheid wordt het garnizoen Waalse huurlingen ter dood veroordeeld. Voor de Zutphenaren is 1572 (in hun woorden) vooral een 'ellendig jaar', waarbij de nadruk niet vanzelfsprekend op de gebeurtenissen in november ligt.Show less
In dit onderzoek staat het ledenblad van de Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht (VvVK) genaamd 'Maandblad van de Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht' centraal. Er is in kaart gebracht hoe en waarom het...Show moreIn dit onderzoek staat het ledenblad van de Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht (VvVK) genaamd 'Maandblad van de Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht' centraal. Er is in kaart gebracht hoe en waarom het Maandblad een propagandamiddel werd tussen 1897-1919. In een voorgestelde vierdelige periodisering is verklaard en aangetoond welke rol propaganda in het Maandblad en binnen de VvVK innam.Show less
Een onderzoek naar de partijdigheid in de eerste vroegmoderne Nederlandse kranten, met als casestudy de Nederlandse berichtgeving over de Slag bij Lützen van 1632.
The statement “a picture tells a thousand words” is pretty often used.I want to find out if there is real value in this statement. In this thesis I will discuss the representations of images of the...Show moreThe statement “a picture tells a thousand words” is pretty often used.I want to find out if there is real value in this statement. In this thesis I will discuss the representations of images of the SARS and COVID-19 virus in People’s Republic of China (PRC). Images help us learn, images grab attention and they are helping to explain tough concept. That is why I think it is interesting to take a look at the representations of images of SARS and COVID-19. In this context I speak about images that are directly related to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) or are at least have been approved by it. In my research I will focus on two time periodes. 2002-2003, the time of the SARS virus outbreak and 2020, the year of the global pandemic caused by COVID-19. I will analyze images from both time periodes to investigate if the images show similarities in representing the virus or have changed over time and I will try to analyze why this is the case.Show less
The aim of this thesis is to examine how the discourse of the Chinese government regarding the environment has evolved over time, and what role environmental propaganda has played in generating...Show moreThe aim of this thesis is to examine how the discourse of the Chinese government regarding the environment has evolved over time, and what role environmental propaganda has played in generating this discourse. This research also touches on the underlying messages and values of this propaganda, and how it communicates and constructs specific representations about the environment and environmental protection.Show less
This thesis explores the stereotypes of different Cold War movies made in the Soviet Union. Three movies are analysed based on a critical literature review about stereotypes. Based on the...Show moreThis thesis explores the stereotypes of different Cold War movies made in the Soviet Union. Three movies are analysed based on a critical literature review about stereotypes. Based on the observations and different theories of scholars the stereotypes are defined and placed within their time period.Show less
The September 11 attacks of 2001, alongside the bombings in Madrid in 2004 and London in 2005, are just some examples of terrorism that have been carried out in the name of Islam. These events have...Show moreThe September 11 attacks of 2001, alongside the bombings in Madrid in 2004 and London in 2005, are just some examples of terrorism that have been carried out in the name of Islam. These events have been heavily discussed and debated not only in the West, but globally regarding the use of Islam in committing terrorism. Hence, different scholars have touched upon the concept of Salafism in relation to modern-day terrorism but did not bring enough attention to how it has multiple uses in politics. This research sheds light on the methods of two very distinct political actors which were able to create social cohesion, attract followers and maintain a collective identity within their societies. Therefore, this research investigates how both the Islamic State and Saudi Arabia have used Islam as part of their propaganda strategy online to achieve political outcomes.Show less
This thesis is concerned with the narrative on peaceful Korean reunification and the efforts of the North Korean regime to shape this narrative through online pro-North Korea websites. The thesis...Show moreThis thesis is concerned with the narrative on peaceful Korean reunification and the efforts of the North Korean regime to shape this narrative through online pro-North Korea websites. The thesis consists of an original case study research of pro-North Korea online newspaper Minjok T’ongshin and how it uses the concept of the Korean minjok to shape the narrative on peaceful Korean reunification. The thesis should conclude with a controversial answer to the following research question: what role does the concept of the Korean minjok play in the shaping of the South Korean narrative on peaceful Korean reunification by Minjok T’ongshin during the Kim Jong Un regime, and can it achieve the peaceful reunification that is envisioned?Show less
Dit onderzoek schetst op basis van wetenschappelijke literatuur, populaire literatuur en een case study hoe RT en Spoetnik desinformatie gebruiken. Uit een analyse van de literatuur blijkt dat...Show moreDit onderzoek schetst op basis van wetenschappelijke literatuur, populaire literatuur en een case study hoe RT en Spoetnik desinformatie gebruiken. Uit een analyse van de literatuur blijkt dat Russische desinformatie een tamelijk recent verschijnsel is, dat verschilt van ouderwetse propaganda en het Sovjetfenomeen dezinformatsia. Waar ouderwetse propaganda tot doel had de ontvanger tot actie aan te zetten, lijkt desinformatie vooral bedoeld om de ontvanger te verwarren en in een passieve staat te brengen. Naast een grote hoeveelheid (tegenstrijdige) berichten komt uit de populaire literatuur nog een aantal elementen van desinformatie naar voren, namelijk samenzweringstheorieën, whataboutism, (geladen) taalgebruik, en journalistieke balans. Aan de hand van deze kenmerken is de case – de verslaggeving over MH17 door RT en Spoetnik – bestudeerd. De analyse laat zien dat er in de case sprake is van desinformatie, en dat de voornoemde elementen in meer of mindere mate gebruikt zijn in de verslaggeving.Show less
This thesis explores the cyclical construction and reproduction of neo-orientalist discourse in the post-9/11 world order, through a qualitative case study comparing and contrasting selected...Show moreThis thesis explores the cyclical construction and reproduction of neo-orientalist discourse in the post-9/11 world order, through a qualitative case study comparing and contrasting selected content from the British tabloid-style newspaper Mail Online, and the militant organization Daesh’s propaganda magazines Dabiq and Rumiyah. Analysis concerns a sample of articles highlighting dichotomies between the conceptual blocs of “Western Civilization” and “Islamic Civilization”; specifically the representation of Daesh on both sides of the discursive equation as a neo-orientalized entity, thereby arguably re-enforcing conceptions of Islam as an inherently barbaric, medieval, and threatening culture and religion. Based on the samples analyzed, this thesis uncovers a self-perpetuating cycle of neo-orientalist representation of Daesh, identifiable on a micro scale in its own publications as well as the British news publication. Similarities concerning the representation of Daesh in the scrutinized samples are identified and deemed problematic, opening discussion into the realm of the ethics and responsibility of contemporary journalism.Show less
How do Ukranian and Russian people refer to the separatists? Turns out that Ukraine is using more propaganda then the separatists or Russia. This thesis is meant to open the way to several new...Show moreHow do Ukranian and Russian people refer to the separatists? Turns out that Ukraine is using more propaganda then the separatists or Russia. This thesis is meant to open the way to several new researches on the languagepolicy of Ukraine.Show less
During the first years of the Cold War propaganda became the quintessential tool with which the US government implemented on a national level to sway the public into accepting the nuclear arms race...Show moreDuring the first years of the Cold War propaganda became the quintessential tool with which the US government implemented on a national level to sway the public into accepting the nuclear arms race. Through the use of the fifth anti-communism fifth news filter of the propaganda model which was developed by Edward S. Herman’s and Noam Chomsky one can come to understand the winning recipe behind the US domestic propaganda wide-reaching influences between 1945 and 1968. By spreading anti-communism, soothing language, and disinformation the American people were reminded of the price of failure in the nuclear arms race. This parallel to a war on ideas virtually obliging the populace to favor a spending shift from education and other civil services to defense spending and nuclear production. By imprinting the ideological and cultural superiority of American values and the tyrannical intentions of the Soviet Union, domestic propaganda warned Americans against communist indoctrination and restricted artistic freedom. Additionally, through the print media, education, television, and film the Cold War was presented as an epic, but losing struggle between American freedom and Soviet tyranny. Movie producers, magazines, news broadcasters, and artists were financed by governmental organizations to propagate strong messages of American ideologies such as freedom and create a nationwide anti-communist sentiment aimed to justify the increased nuclear spending that was diverted from public resources. Those who objected to the US government’s actions were diagnosed as extremists or pro-Soviets and were targeted by the state and society alike.Show less
During the ‘20s and ‘30s a new art form rapidly gained popularity in Shanghai, A group of Chinese artists aimed to establish cartooning as a recognized art form in China in a period quickly...Show moreDuring the ‘20s and ‘30s a new art form rapidly gained popularity in Shanghai, A group of Chinese artists aimed to establish cartooning as a recognized art form in China in a period quickly overshadowed by war. Manhua defies simple definition, styles and content of works carrying the name ‘manhua’ can differ substantially. The city Shanghai played an important role in the story of the development of the Chinese art of cartooning. By the 1920’s Shanghai, then the largest metropolis of China, was experiencing a publishing boom.Especially in the beginning a lot of effort was put in by artists to get recognition for their work, by adopting the term ‘manhua’ to group together similar works, they hoped to turn cartoons into an established art form. The start of the second Sino-Japanese war in 1937 marked a turning point for the art of cartooning. Up to this point mostly an urban art form, often lacking in political message, now cartoonists employed their craft to try and influence the Chinese masses. During the war a lot of the diversity in form that could be found before was lost, the clear goal of manhua would now decide on the shape of the images.Show less
