Since its inception, many changes to the concept of ‘autism’ have been suggested, by both autistic people and researchers. Recently, the number of people diagnosed with a form of autism has...Show moreSince its inception, many changes to the concept of ‘autism’ have been suggested, by both autistic people and researchers. Recently, the number of people diagnosed with a form of autism has increased, and a contemporary topic of discussion is whether it should be defined as a disorder, a mere human variation, or something else. As society is inclined to stigmatise eccentricity, it is important that the definition used does not harm autistic people, or misrepresent the large variety of their experiences. This thesis argues that the fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders’ (DSM-5) current conceptualisation of autism as ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’ is both inaccurate and dangerous. Definitions from all DSMs are described, and the motivations behind the changes between DSMs are considered, alongside arguments from a collection of philosophers. The conclusion is that the components ‘Spectrum’ and ‘Disorder’ in ‘ASD’ risk inciting stigmatisation and suggest a more uniform expression than autism actually has. Thus, an alternative definition much be found. This alternative, which could be pursued through further research, should give autistic people a way to think about their identity, and non-autistic people a way to accurately understand and describe the diverse autistic experiences, both negative and positive.Show less
In the last decade or so, more and more evidence has accumulated to support an enactivist theory of mind. Such a theory has great consequences for how we view the mind and thus also how we view the...Show moreIn the last decade or so, more and more evidence has accumulated to support an enactivist theory of mind. Such a theory has great consequences for how we view the mind and thus also how we view the mind’s malfunctions; mental disorders. A new way of looking at mental disorders within the framework of enactivism means to see a mental disorder not just as a brain malfunction, but as a disorder in the subjects being-in-the-world; meaning the interaction between brain, body and world. The author explores what such a view would be and what consequences this would have for understanding, diagnosing and treating mental illness.Show less
