With the rise in automation, inequality between low- and high-skilled workers has increased. Robotization allows for the substitution of human labor by capital, while artificial intelligence and...Show moreWith the rise in automation, inequality between low- and high-skilled workers has increased. Robotization allows for the substitution of human labor by capital, while artificial intelligence and machine learning can result in a complementary effect for high-skilled workers. With this risk of replacement due to automation existing for low-skilled manual workers, their job satisfaction may be negatively impacted, ultimately having a negative effect on their general well-being. This research has therefore looked at the effect of risk of automation on job satisfaction. Based on data from the LISS-panel, the routine task intensity-index as generated by Mihaylov and Tijdens (2019) and the risk of automation-index generated by Pouliakos (2018) a quantitative method was applied, consisting of descriptive statistics as well as the use of regressions, to provide an answer. The descriptive statistics have shown that older workers tend to have a higher level of job satisfaction, while especially young low-skilled workers are subject to a low mean of job satisfaction. Furthermore, the research has found that tasks that differ from non-routine analytic tasks and thus are more subject to automation, negatively impact the level of job satisfaction for Dutch workers. When splitting the observations in to level of skill and age-group, the effect of the routine-task intensity index becomes inconsistent. The research has also found that an increasing risk of automation-index negatively influences the level of job satisfaction, as it decreases the level of job satisfaction for Dutch workers by 0.026 for an increase in risk of automation by 1. When accounting for level of skill and age-group, an increasing risk of automation appeared to have a larger negative effect on the young low-skilled Dutch workers, supporting the thought of skill-biased technological change resulting in further inequality between low- and high-skilled workers. The Dutch government should therefore aim at expanding the current training and education programs, offer further job placement services and other policies related to decreasing the negative effects of at risk of automation.Show less
As police use of force becomes a more politicised issue in the world, it is important not only to investigate the causes but also to look at the public opinion towards it. In this study, a survey...Show moreAs police use of force becomes a more politicised issue in the world, it is important not only to investigate the causes but also to look at the public opinion towards it. In this study, a survey was conducted in order to determine whether the perceived ethnicity of a victim of police violence has an effect on the acceptance of police violence by the general public. After analysing the data that was obtained from the said survey, by means of a spearman’s correlation, a one-way ANOVA, and binary logistics regression analysis, the conclusion can be reached that the ethnicity of the victim matters strongly in the acceptance of police violence by the general public far more so than the perceived prevalence of violence against ethnic minorities or the ethnicity of the member of the public themselves. What this means for practitioners is that organisational biases, in particular, need to be tackled in order to alleviate situations like this from happening.Show less
The structures on the playground have an effect on the type of play in which children engage. Making appropriate environmental arrangements on the school playground can have positive effects on...Show moreThe structures on the playground have an effect on the type of play in which children engage. Making appropriate environmental arrangements on the school playground can have positive effects on expanding the play activities and social interactions of children with special needs. This study examined the relationship between spatial features and children’s playground activities, by specifically looking at singlestructured, multi-structured, and open areas on the school playground. The participants were 76 Dutch pupils attending a special school in The Netherlands. The System for Observing Outdoor Play (SOOP+) was used to examine activities in different areas of the playground, and GPS loggers were used to measure the physical activity levels per area. Data showed that children played in larger groups in multi structured areas and open areas, compared to single-structured areas. Children are more social in multi-structured areas, than in open areas and single-structured areas. Whereas in single structured areas, they engaged more solitarily in play as opposed to the other two areas. Furthermore, in open areas they played social games such as chasing and ballgames more frequently compared to the structured areas. In multistructured areas, children engaged mostly in low-intensity social play compared to the other areas, whereas in single structured areas children engaged more frequently in non-social play types. This study contributes to existing knowledge on how to further improve the playgrounds in mainstream schools to make them more accessible and inclusive for all children. Some implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research were discussed.Show less
In this paper, the influence of publicly available performance data on the improvement of the quality of master programmes in the Netherlands is researched. Using the theoretical framework of ...Show moreIn this paper, the influence of publicly available performance data on the improvement of the quality of master programmes in the Netherlands is researched. Using the theoretical framework of (quasi-)market competition, information provision/asymmetry, and choosing a provider, a theoretical argument will be crafted to explain how public performance data can improve the quality of an organization. Using fixed effects models on cross-sectional time-series panel data constructed by public data from the ‘Nationale Studenten Enquête’ and enrollment data from the VSNU this relationship will be researched to see whether students are responsive to study programmes with better evaluation scoring. The data shows that there is a significant effect between a better NSE score of a master programme and an increase in student enrollment. This effect ranges between 3.3% and 13.42%. However, with an R-squared between 0.001 and 0.006. Thus students are responsive to a better NSE score. This paper has both scientific and societal relevance because it contributes to the scientific debate on whether public performance data has the potential to increase the quality of an organization, and for policymakers, it is important to better understand how and if these information schemes work.Show less
