Research master thesis | Developmental Psychopathology in Education and Child Studies (research) (MSc)
open access
The gender gap in STEM majors and careers is very prominent and alarming (Beilock & Maloney, 2015). Students are more likely to avoid STEM careers when they show higher levels of Mathematics...Show moreThe gender gap in STEM majors and careers is very prominent and alarming (Beilock & Maloney, 2015). Students are more likely to avoid STEM careers when they show higher levels of Mathematics Anxiety (MA; Ahmed, 2018). The current study investigates the difference in Mathematics Anxiety between male and female students in their first year of the preacademic educational track (HAVO, atheneum and gymnasium) in secondary school in the Netherlands. The Numerical Dot-Probe Task (NDPT) is a computerized task that is based on attentional bias and less susceptible to bias than self-report questionnaires. (Rubinsten, Eidlin, Wohl, & Akibli, 2015). Related concepts to MA that will be controlled for are; mathematical achievement, general anxiety and working memory. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling, the final sample consisted of seven students. Using the adapted t-test, z-scores of all participants were compared in order to answer the research question (Crawford, Garthwaite, & Wood, 2010). 100% of girls and 20% of boys showed higher levels of MA when looking at their scores on the self-report questionnaires compared to their score on the NDPT. Overall, the girls’ MA score was overestimated and the boys’ MA score was underestimated. However, this effect was not strong enough to result in an overrepresentation of girls and an underrepresentation of boys in the population of children with high levels of MA when looking at the self-report questionnaires. Results suggested that the prominent gender gap in STEM studies might not be due to gender differences in MA. Due to the smaller sample size, it is important that these findings are replicated in future studies using bigger samples. Stereotype threat is a variable that could explain the STEM gender gap and should thus be included in these future studies.Show less
Sense of belonging at school is an important factor in the school context. Especially for pupils with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) a sense of belonging is important in order to have positive...Show moreSense of belonging at school is an important factor in the school context. Especially for pupils with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) a sense of belonging is important in order to have positive experiences at school. The most important contributor to a sense of belonging at school is the staff-pupil interaction. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the relationship between a sense of belonging at school and staff-pupil interaction for pupils with ASD. The relationship will be investigated for boys and girls at primary school and secondary school. Participants are parents of 200 children with ASD between the age of three and seventeen years old. The parents filled in questionnaires about the well-being of their children in the school context. The current research showed that there is a strong positive relationship between sense of belonging at school and staff-pupil interaction for pupils with ASD. No differences were found in the levels of sense of belonging at school and staff-pupil interaction between boys and girls and between primary and secondary school.Show less
The aim of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that teaching secondary students English by means of the audiovisual translation mode subtitling will increase students’ vocabulary on a...Show moreThe aim of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that teaching secondary students English by means of the audiovisual translation mode subtitling will increase students’ vocabulary on a predetermined topic. Little research on watching subtitled television programmes for English language acquisition has yet been conducted in the Netherlands and no research has been conducted in which the focus was on one specific topic of vocabulary. To test the hypothesis, a six-week study was held among secondary school students who watched an English-spoken programme either with or without English subtitles. The vocabulary used in this programme was similar to the vocabulary used in the course books at the school. One group of participants served as the control group and watched the programme without any subtitles, while another group of participants served as the experimental group and watched the programme with intralingual subtitles (subtitles in the same language as the soundtrack). The results of this six-week study show that watching an English-spoken programme with English subtitles is an effective approach to learning new vocabulary on a specific topic.Show less
This study examines the technical adequacy of the CBM maze task as an indicator of growth and performance in a sample of 578 Dutch 7th grade students. Maze data was collected during 16 weeks in the...Show moreThis study examines the technical adequacy of the CBM maze task as an indicator of growth and performance in a sample of 578 Dutch 7th grade students. Maze data was collected during 16 weeks in the second semester. A strong alternate-form reliability was found for the first and final three passages (.74 < r < .82). Maze growth-rates could not be predicted from VAS reading comprehension scores (R2 = .02). As well, only a small effect was found for the difference in growth rates between education levels. Maze performance in spring and the end of the year were predicted from VAS reading comprehension scores. Explained variances were respectively 27.6% (β = .53, p < .05) and 29.7% (β = .55, p < .05). Also significant differences in maze performance were found between education levels on both time points, respectively F(2, 556) = 42.29, p < .01, ω2 = .13 in spring and F(2, 251) = 49.14, p < .01, ω2 = .27 at the end of the year. Differences were significant for all groups, being lower, average and higher education levels (p < .01). Summarizing no empirical support was found for the validity of maze as an instrument to monitor growth in 7th grade. Results indicate a moderate validity of maze as an indicator of reading performance.Show less
Leerprestaties van leerlingen en hun gedrag in de klas beïnvloeden elkaar. Leerlingen die betrokken zijn bij de les, presteren beter. Om prestaties van leerlingen te verbeteren, zouden scholen...Show moreLeerprestaties van leerlingen en hun gedrag in de klas beïnvloeden elkaar. Leerlingen die betrokken zijn bij de les, presteren beter. Om prestaties van leerlingen te verbeteren, zouden scholen moeten inzetten op het optimaliseren van adequaat leergedrag van leerlingen. Hoewel diverse instrumenten leergedrag van leerlingen in kaart kunnen brengen, blijken deze instrumenten niet sensitief genoeg om, ook kleine, ontwikkelingen in leergedrag te meten. Om de progressie van leerlingen te kunnen beoordelen, is het belangrijk dat er een leergedragvolgsysteem komt waarmee scholen het leergedrag van leerlingen herhaaldelijk kunnen meten om zo veranderingen in leergedrag te kunnen vaststellen. In dit onderzoek is gezocht naar gedragsindicatoren die in staat zijn goed leergedrag te voorspellen. Vier tweedejaars klassen uit het voortgezet onderwijs participeerden in het onderzoek (N = 44). Er zijn vier gedragsindicatoren geobserveerd: actief leergedrag, aan taak, niet aan taak en storend gedrag. De mentor beoordeelde het leergedrag van leerlingen als zeer goed, goed of minder goed. Door de observaties in de klas te vergelijken met de beoordeling van de mentor, bleek de mate waarin een leerling actief leergedrag liet zien, verschilde tussen deze drie groepen. De groep die volgens de mentor zeer goed leergedrag liet zien, was ook meer aan taak dan leerlingen die volgens de mentor goed of minder goed leergedrag lieten zien. Er bleek geen verschil te zijn in de hoeveelheid tijd die de leerlingen met goed of minder goed leergedrag bezig waren met hun taak.Show less
