The paper studies Japanese early modern pilgrimages and focuses on Shikoku henro ezu (1807), a pilgrimage map collected by Philip Franz von Siebold and kept at the Leiden University Library....Show moreThe paper studies Japanese early modern pilgrimages and focuses on Shikoku henro ezu (1807), a pilgrimage map collected by Philip Franz von Siebold and kept at the Leiden University Library. Through the investigation of the map the author challenges common understanding of pilgrimage as an exclusively “religious” practice.Show less