Previous research into the relationship of conscientiousness and self-estimated cognitive ability has yielded discrepant results. An analysis of past research seems to suggest a moderating effect...Show morePrevious research into the relationship of conscientiousness and self-estimated cognitive ability has yielded discrepant results. An analysis of past research seems to suggest a moderating effect of age. Indeed, age seems to be positively correlated with conscientiousness and negatively with self-estimated cognitive ability, implying a negative effect of age on the relationship of conscientiousness and self-estimated cognitive ability. The current study examines this moderating effect of age on the relationship between conscientiousness and self-estimated cognitive ability. We hypothesized to find a correlation between conscientiousness and self-estimated cognitive ability only in the young participant group (<=25). Conscientiousness (BFI-2), self-estimated cognitive ability and several demographic variables including age were established of 135 participants. The average age was 39.8 (SD = 16.7) and 63 percent of participants were female. We found that, in general, participant’s self-estimated their own abilities higher than that of their peers. A positive correlation between age and conscientiousness was present (r= 0.240, p= 0.005). No correlation between conscientiousness and self-estimated cognitive ability was found in the older or younger participant group, and we were unable to demonstrate a moderating effect of age. Our findings suggest no correlation between conscientiousness and self-estimated cognitive ability and no moderating effect of age. Future research should consider the possibility that there exists in fact no effect and further investigate the validity of our findings. More knowledge of the interaction between conscientiousness and self-estimated cognitive ability might help better understand the influence of conscientiousness in mental health and whether self-estimations of cognitive ability can play a role in understanding and predicting cognitive decline, especially as people grow older.Show less
Background: Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by de novo mutations in the BAF-complex, resulting in severe developmental delays. Despite insights from case studies, the...Show moreBackground: Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by de novo mutations in the BAF-complex, resulting in severe developmental delays. Despite insights from case studies, the relationship between developmental characteristics of CSS-affected children and parental caregiving burden remains underexplored. Method: This study mainly aimed to investigate to what extent language proficiency and adaptive functioning predict the parental caregiving burden for CSS-affected children, whilst accounting for the chronological age of the children. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires to assess language proficiency (PPVT, CELF-4-NL, CELF-Preschool-2-NL), adaptive functioning (ABAS-3-NL) and parental caregiving burden (OBVL). The sample included 26 CSS-affected children aged 4-18 years (M = 10.30 years, SD = 4.23 years), recruited from the LUMC expert clinic and patient associations in the Netherlands and Belgium. Results: Language comprehension did not correlate significantly with parental caregiving burden. The correlation remained non-significant after controlling for chronological age. Similar patterns were observed between language comprehension and adaptive functioning and between adaptive functioning and caregiving burden. Chronological age significantly correlated positively with language comprehension (r = 0.43, p = 0.04), and a trend was observed for a negative correlation between age and adaptive functioning (r = -0.39, p = 0.08). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that neither language comprehension nor adaptive functioning significantly predicted parental caregiving burden (R² = 0.13; F(2,15) = 1.130; p = .349). even after controlling for chronological age (R² = 0.148; F(3,15) = 1.199, p = .315). Conclusion: Despite exploring language proficiency, adaptive functioning, and chronological age in CSS-affected children, no significant predictors were identified for parental caregiving burden. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of the developmental trajectories and caregiving dynamics within CSS-affected families.Show less
Migration is a transformative event that reshapes life paths. In this study, it is explored through the experiences of labor migrants from Turkey who settled in the Netherlands in the 1960s and...Show moreMigration is a transformative event that reshapes life paths. In this study, it is explored through the experiences of labor migrants from Turkey who settled in the Netherlands in the 1960s and 1970s. This research aims to 1) study how individual experiences of migration from Turkey to the Netherlands are recollected and thus linguistically encoded in the present narratives of the first generation; and to 2) study how these narratives are built in the identity of the second generation and what this tells us about familial narrative. Semi-structured interviews with 14 informants from six families – eight from the first generation and six from the second – investigate these aspects. First generation accounts reveal journeys characterized by hardship, resilience, and aspirations for better opportunities, accompanied by emotional ties to Turkey and varied interactions within Dutch society. Second generation narratives show continuity, adding to the collective memory, mixed with gaps in knowledge about parental experiences, and reflecting empathy and pride despite occasional distance from their parents’ stories. While the study acknowledges emotional depth in first generation stories, it finds that the second generations’ responses are varied, yet they suggest the presence of familial narrative that constructs identity intertwined with personal reflections and individual growth. Future research could explore subsequent generations’ perspectives and include diverse migration contexts, enriching the understanding of migration’s origins and impacts.Show less
This study aimed to determine whether either increased engagement, or reduced cognitive capacity better explains the previously reported mixed effects of music on motor performance. Differences in...Show moreThis study aimed to determine whether either increased engagement, or reduced cognitive capacity better explains the previously reported mixed effects of music on motor performance. Differences in tapping performance under various auditory stimuli and task conditions were analysed. The experimental design was a within-subject repeated measures study, where participants were exposed to three auditory stimuli (metronome, self-selected music, and researcher-selected music) and two task conditions (rhythmic tapping with and without an additional cognitive task). Performance was measured using the coefficient of variation, which measures the consistency of participants’ tapping. The first hypothesis was that music would lead to better performance on the finger tapping task compared to metronome in the single task condition. Performance across metronome, self-selected music, and researcher-selected music conditions was compared. The second hypothesis posited that finger-tapping performance would decline when a working memory task was added for all auditory conditions, with the music conditions leading to more interference (meaning worse performance) than the metronome condition. This was tested by comparing the performance between the single and dual task, and between the metronome, self- selected and researcher-selected music conditions. The final hypothesis was that self-selected music will lead to better performance on both the single and dual-task than researcher-selected music, thus comparing self-selected and researcher-selected music for both single and dual-task conditions. The findings revealed no significant differences in performance between metronome and music conditions for either single or dual tasks. Additionally, no significant differences were found in performance between self-selected and researcher-selected music for both task types. Consequently, this study could not determine whether task engagement due to music or increased cognitive capacity due to music better explains the effects of music on task performance. Recommendations for future research are provided.Show less
This thesis examines the portrayal of gender performativity and queer relationships in the shōjo anime The Rose of Versailles (1979-1980) and Revolutionary Girl Utena (1997), focusing on the shows’...Show moreThis thesis examines the portrayal of gender performativity and queer relationships in the shōjo anime The Rose of Versailles (1979-1980) and Revolutionary Girl Utena (1997), focusing on the shows’ cross-dressing female protagonists: Oscar François de Jarjayes and Utena Tenjō. Using Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity, this thesis analyses both the visual and narrative aspects of both shows to explore how gender performativity and queer romantic relationships are portrayed. Through an analysis of the protagonists’ gender performances in their dress wear and their primary romantic relationships, this thesis demonstrates that The Rose of Versailles’ portrayal of gender and romance is rooted in traditional notions of gender roles and heteronormativity. In contrast, Revolutionary Girl Utena actively challenges such notions by celebrating queerness and depicting it as a revolutionizing force. This comparative analysis demonstrates the continuing influence of these two shōjo works and highlights the continuing need for contemporary shows that challenge traditional gender norms and heteronormative expectations.Show less
Maximisers and satisficers are opposing types of decision-makers, searching for a perfect or good enough choice, respectfully. Previous studies often present participants with pre-selected options,...Show moreMaximisers and satisficers are opposing types of decision-makers, searching for a perfect or good enough choice, respectfully. Previous studies often present participants with pre-selected options, this study focused on how participants self-generate options, as this is essential for everyday functioning. Using a questionnaire study (N= 276), we asked participants to generate options for a decision and then rate their choice satisfaction. Immediately after, completing short-form maximisation and satisficer scales to measure decision-making tendencies. We find no relationship between maximisers and satisfaction, or with the number of options generated, however, we did find a relationship between satisficers and satisfaction. It is implied maximisers are more satisfied self-generating options, than when given pre-set options, potentially for the freedom to achieve their best outcome. But due to the fatiguing process employed, their satisfaction is muted.Show less
This thesis explores the patterns and prevalence of online and offline risk-taking behaviors among adolescents and young adults, as well as their relationship with delay aversion. The aim is to...Show moreThis thesis explores the patterns and prevalence of online and offline risk-taking behaviors among adolescents and young adults, as well as their relationship with delay aversion. The aim is to understand how these factors interrelate and to inform future educational programs designed to reduce risk behaviors in adolescents and young adults. A total of 132 participants, aged 16 to 25, completed the Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaire and the Online Risk-Taking Questionnaire for offline and online risk behavior respectively, and the Quick Delay Questionnaire to assess delay aversion. A t-test indicated that participants engaged significantly more frequently in offline than online risk behavior. A Pearson correlation revealed a weak but significant positive relationship between offline and online risk behavior, suggesting some overlap between the largely independent behaviors. Lastly, regression analyses found no significant effects of delay aversion on either offline or online risk behavior, which contradicts previous research that linked delay aversion to levels of risk taking. These results suggest that different motivational and contextual factors possibly underlie offline and online risk behavior.Show less
Peer relationships are essential during early adolescence when various psycho-social changes occur. More time is spent with peers during a phase wherein sensitivity to peer acceptance and rejection...Show morePeer relationships are essential during early adolescence when various psycho-social changes occur. More time is spent with peers during a phase wherein sensitivity to peer acceptance and rejection is heightened. Engaging in prosocial behavior is a way for adolescents to form positive peer relationships. However, peer victimization may negatively impact adolescents’ abilities to engage in such prosocial behaviors. This may be based on the degree of internalizing behaviors the adolescent engages in. This study aimed to understand whether there is an association between peer victimization and prosocial behavior two years later, as well as to understand whether internalizing behaviors mediate this relationship. This subproject of the Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) used longitudinal data from 133 participants. Of these participants, there was a mean age of M = 11.26 years (SD = 0.73), with 54.1% being girls and 48.6% being boys. A mediation analysis investigated the relationship between peer victimization at ages 10-12 years and prosocial behaviors two years later and the role of internalizing behaviors. Results found that peer victimization did not predict prosocial behavior. However, peer victimization was associated with an increase in internalizing behaviors, and internalizing was associated with a decrease in prosocial behavior, respectively. Thus, experiencing peer victimization puts an adolescent at risk for internalizing behaviors later in time. Additionally, adolescents with higher internalizing behaviors may show reduced prosocial behaviors. This implies that peer victimization may have long-term consequences on psychosocial functioning within a non-clinical Dutch sample.Show less
Major depressive disorder (depression) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by mood disturbance, but it can also impact motor functioning. Impairments in gross motor skills, like...Show moreMajor depressive disorder (depression) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by mood disturbance, but it can also impact motor functioning. Impairments in gross motor skills, like slower backward walking and compromised balance, are well-documented, but the effects on manual motor skills, important for precise tasks like buttoning clothes, are less studied. Therefore, this study examined whether individuals with depression perform worse on manual motor tasks compared to healthy controls (HC), and if mood changes over 4 months correlate with motor performance changes in those with depression. Manual motor functioning was measured in 20 people with depression and 22 HC (mean age = 31 years) via five tasks: steadiness, line tracking, aiming, tapping, and pin insertion. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Quality of life was evaluated using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire. ANCOVAs analyzed group differences, and linear regressions examined longitudinal associations using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Results showed that, compared to HC, participants with depression had longer error durations for line tracking, longer total durations for aiming, and fewer hits for tapping, Fs > = 4.946, ps < 0.032, ηp2s > 0.113, BFs10 > 0.050 (uncorrected). No group differences were found for other measures. Longitudinally, within the depressed group, improvements in HAMD-17 and HAMD-24 scores were significantly associated with fewer errors and shorter error durations in steadiness, βs > 0.739, ps < 0.043 BFs10 > 1.000 (uncorrected). Exploratory analyses provided anecdotal evidence for the associations between physical health improvements and decreased error duration in steadiness, β = -0.542, p = 0.044, BF10 = 1.933, and psychological health improvements and decreased task duration in line tracking, β = -0.623, p = 0.025, BF10 = 1.494. The results suggest that depression may specifically affect steadiness. Additionally, physical and psychological health factors were linked to overall manual motor functioning. Limitations include the small sample size and focus on a single subtype of depression. Some authors suggest that current diagnostic methods overlook manual motor functioning in depression, but evidence remains insufficient for clinical application. Larger studies with various depression subtypes and chronicity levels, incorporating both behavioral and fMRI measures, are needed to further investigate the theoretical foundations of manual motor impairments in depression.Show less
This study delves into the landscape of teacher bullying within South Korea’s education system, examining the Child Welfare Act, the Student Human Rights Ordinance, and the Teacher Rights...Show moreThis study delves into the landscape of teacher bullying within South Korea’s education system, examining the Child Welfare Act, the Student Human Rights Ordinance, and the Teacher Rights Restoration Bill. Its primary goal is to illuminate the prevalence, root causes, and consequences of teacher bullying while proposing effective interventions to foster a healthier educational environment. Through an analysis of these legislative frameworks, including qualitative data from interviews, survey outcomes, experts’ reaction to the situation, and policy analysis, this research aims to shed light on the dynamics of teacher bullying. By identifying various forms of bullying experienced by teachers and highlighting the challenges they face, this study contributes to a better understanding of the complexities surrounding this issue. Moreover, it seeks to provide actionable insights for policymakers, teachers, and stakeholders to implement proactive measures that promote a supportive and respectful school environment, balancing teachers’ well-being and students’ well-being.Show less
