Dit onderzoek richt zich op de diplomatieke activiteiten en het inter- en buitenstedelijke netwerk van de stad Nijmegen tijdens de zestiende eeuw. Om de vraag op welke manieren en door wie werden...Show moreDit onderzoek richt zich op de diplomatieke activiteiten en het inter- en buitenstedelijke netwerk van de stad Nijmegen tijdens de zestiende eeuw. Om de vraag op welke manieren en door wie werden de diplomatieke relaties van Nijmegen vormgegeven en onderhouden werden, is systematisch onderzoek gedaan in de stadsrekeningen, aangevuld met andere bronnen, zoals correspondenties, oorkonden en akten.Show less
Tijdens wetenschappelijke expedities naar Nederlands-Indië maakten Europese wetenschappers gebruik van een groot netwerk van lokale helpers. Het gaat dan om onder andere assistenten, bedienden,...Show moreTijdens wetenschappelijke expedities naar Nederlands-Indië maakten Europese wetenschappers gebruik van een groot netwerk van lokale helpers. Het gaat dan om onder andere assistenten, bedienden, roeiers, dragers, gidsen en tolken. In deze scriptie wordt de rol van deze mensen onderzocht.Show less
Regeringsdienst Oog & Oor (1945-1946) functioneerde na de Tweede Wereldoorlog als voorlichter en inlichtingenverzamelaar op lokaal niveau. De taak van deze dienst was om klachten te verzamelen...Show moreRegeringsdienst Oog & Oor (1945-1946) functioneerde na de Tweede Wereldoorlog als voorlichter en inlichtingenverzamelaar op lokaal niveau. De taak van deze dienst was om klachten te verzamelen van burgers en opzoek te gaan naar de stemming van het volk in de steden en dorpen van de provincies. Dit onderzoek gaat specifiek in op de Regeringsdienst in het District Centrum (Provincie Utrecht) en de rol van het districtsbureau in de wederopbouw. Het was een experiment van het eerste naoorlogse kabinet, dat wilde breken met de verzuilde politiek en deze dienst was een product van de gewenste vernieuwing.Show less
The nascent field of ‘New Diplomatic History’ has so far been focussed on masculinity and formality. Women’s contributions are largely overlooked or merely assessed through the concept of the...Show moreThe nascent field of ‘New Diplomatic History’ has so far been focussed on masculinity and formality. Women’s contributions are largely overlooked or merely assessed through the concept of the diplomatic wife. This thesis aims to enlarge the scope of the study through the lens of feminist theory and sociology to allow the inclusion of hitherto unrecognised and forgotten informal diplomatic agents and the exploration of the complex relationship between informal diplomacy and gender. The juxtaposition of the cases of the Chevalier(e) d’Eon and the Marquise de Pompadour serves to explore the landscape of diplomatic informality and femininity in the eighteenth century. These figures prove that women had diplomatic agency beyond marriage and formality. De Pompadour’s informal status doubtlessly allowed her to navigate an array of diplomatic spaces, from the arts to warfare to dinner diplomacy. Similarly, d’Eon enjoyed a unique social position at the intersection of genders which allowed them to position themselves as a role model to women. The unique character of these figures is perhaps not their sex but their ability to shape their story despite the patriarchal structures constraining them to informality and misogyny. This thesis will assess how d’Eon and de Pompadour cultivated their agency by shaping and embracing their narrative. Ultimately it will be recognised that in the case of d’Eon and de Pompadour, diplomatic femininity granted them the freedom to move between roles and spaces.Show less
The treatment of mental health problems has had limited success in both England and Ireland. Since the Percy Commission in 1957 in England, and the Commission of Inquiry into Mental Illness in 1966...Show moreThe treatment of mental health problems has had limited success in both England and Ireland. Since the Percy Commission in 1957 in England, and the Commission of Inquiry into Mental Illness in 1966 in Ireland, both countries have strived to modernise and improve the quality of their mental healthcare systems. Despite this, they have experienced several shortfalls surrounding funding, staffing and community care amongst other issues. As a result of these problems, both countries have some of the highest rates of mental illness in Europe, with 18.5 percent of Irish people and 17.7 percent of English people experiencing at least one mental illness. While both England and Ireland inherited a similar system based around asylums and a focus on long-term institutionalisation the outcomes for the respective countries were vastly different. Additionally, both countries have moved towards a community-based approach in the hope to rehabilitate and reintegrate patients into the community. Though, England has seen lower rates of hospitalisation and shorter hospital stays for mental illness than in Ireland, as well as historically having lower rates of mental illness. However, since the 1990s, English rates of mental illness have been increasing gradually. As a result, English rates of mental illness are nearly that of Ireland. By discussing the historic developments in mental healthcare in the two countries and issues around welfare and healthcare, the causes for this discrepancy as well as the recent increases in the rate of mental illness can hopefully be explained.Show less
An evaluation of Austrian influence in Persia using diplomatic correspondence of the Austrian embassy in Teheran and further primary sources. The thesis is focusing on the Austro-Hungarian military...Show moreAn evaluation of Austrian influence in Persia using diplomatic correspondence of the Austrian embassy in Teheran and further primary sources. The thesis is focusing on the Austro-Hungarian military mission in Persia, the Austro-Persian connections regarding the Great Game and the influence of Austrian individuals in Persia. The paper tries to categorise, understand an reevaluate the Austrian presence in Persia regarding new perspectives on (Austrian) colonialism.Show less
This thesis investigates the economic developments and political experiences of Austria during the interwar period, specifically focusing on the years 1920 to 1933. By examining the socioeconomic...Show moreThis thesis investigates the economic developments and political experiences of Austria during the interwar period, specifically focusing on the years 1920 to 1933. By examining the socioeconomic policies of the Christian Social Party and their impact on the experiences of ‘ordinary’ people, this research aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the Austrian interwar period. The analysis draws upon diaries and local administration records from a smaller Lower Austrian town to explore how people experienced economic crises and how these experiences influenced their perceptions of politics through their lived experiences. The findings reveal a complex interplay between economic factors and political sentiments among the Austrian population. The economic crises faced by individuals were profound and enduring, marked by high unemployment rates, hyperinflation, and deteriorating living conditions. The Christian Social Party's policies, while initially promising, ultimately failed to effectively address these economic hardships effectively. As a result, a sense of disillusionment and despair took hold, leading to a growing disaffection with the political establishment. By shedding light on the perspectives of ordinary participants in democracy, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the interwar period. It emphasises the importance of considering the voices and experiences of the general population, which are often overshadowed by the dominant political discourse.Show less
This thesis revisits the Japanese student delegation of 1863, which was sent by the Tokugawa Shogunate to the Netherlands. The thesis concentrates especially on the journey of Nishi Amane and Tsuda...Show moreThis thesis revisits the Japanese student delegation of 1863, which was sent by the Tokugawa Shogunate to the Netherlands. The thesis concentrates especially on the journey of Nishi Amane and Tsuda Mamichi, who studied Western academic disciplines with Leiden University professor Simon Vissering between 1863 and 1865 and introduced this knowledge to Japan for the first time in history. The thesis revisits the case in Chapter 1 from the perspective centered around Nishi, Tsuda, and Vissering, who were long thought to be the most important characters of this trip. In chapter 2, with the help of previously unmentioned primary sources, the thesis revisits the case from the Dutch perspective, a perspective never taken by previous historians. By analyzing these new sources in a broader context, the thesis discovers numerous new insights. The most important insight was the pivotal role of Johannes Josephus Hoffmann, the professor of Chinese and Japanese studies at Leiden University and the translator of the Netherlands Indies Government, within this study trip. This thesis finds that Hoffmann was essential for this historical event to happen, due to his envisioning actions to persuade both the Japanese and the Dutch decisionmakers to conduct this event in the way they did. In addition, the thesis finds that Hoffmann was the central figure in preparing, receiving, optimizing, and coordinating the trip. Therefore, this thesis argues that the current public and scholarly attention, as well as the historical recognition granted to Hoffmann, are remarkably inadequate.Show less
What did ‘good’ citizenship mean to the Dutch officials and to the Dutch prisoners of camp Miranda de Ebro, and how did the lack of aid and slow releases and evacuations by the Dutch state during...Show moreWhat did ‘good’ citizenship mean to the Dutch officials and to the Dutch prisoners of camp Miranda de Ebro, and how did the lack of aid and slow releases and evacuations by the Dutch state during their imprisonment influence their idea and sense of Dutchmanship?Show less
Deze scriptie toont de plaats van pathos in de receptie van predikantenwelsprekendheid door de dagboeken van Willem de Clercq (1811-1844) en enkele periodieken in de eerste helft van de 19e eeuw te...Show moreDeze scriptie toont de plaats van pathos in de receptie van predikantenwelsprekendheid door de dagboeken van Willem de Clercq (1811-1844) en enkele periodieken in de eerste helft van de 19e eeuw te bestuderen. Pathos bleek in deze periode belangrijk voor een positieve receptie van predikantenwelsprekendheid. De receptie door Willem de Clercq verschilde van die door de periodieken vanwege zijn sterke hang naar authenciteit, zijn gevoelige persoonlijkheid en zijn orthodoxe identiteit.Show less
The post-WWII period in the Netherlands can be described as a period of great change in Dutch society. Postcolonial migrants from the eastern and western (former) colonies started to immigrate to...Show moreThe post-WWII period in the Netherlands can be described as a period of great change in Dutch society. Postcolonial migrants from the eastern and western (former) colonies started to immigrate to the Netherlands, changing the racial fabric of the Dutch society. This thesis is a product of researching the Dutch parliamentary debates on postcolonial ‘black’ migrants between 1950 and 1975. The attitudes and use of language in these Dutch debates is then compared to an influential parliamentary debate in the UK in the late 1950s. Central to this comparison is the difference in explicit and implicit references to race by Dutch and British politicians. The study of these debates serves to answer this thesis’ research question: how do parliamentary debates on postcolonial immigration in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom compare and contrast with regard to the ways race and identity factor into these debates between 1950-1975? This thesis attempts to make a contribution to the current debates on the relation between race, postcolonial migration and identity in the political discourse, discussed in the first chapter. Processes of ‘othering’, that are racially conceptualised as a consequence of the effect of the colonial legacy, are being discussed in chapter two to four.Show less
