Research master thesis | African Studies (research) (MA)
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This research focuses on people’s perception of, and attitudes towards, mountain gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP). It is the result of four months of fieldwork in Ruhija,...Show moreThis research focuses on people’s perception of, and attitudes towards, mountain gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP). It is the result of four months of fieldwork in Ruhija, Rubanda County, one of the four appointed areas in Uganda where gorilla tourism is established. This qualitative study aims at understanding how different stakeholders perceive the gorilla as an animal, whether that be a conservation goal or an economic income, or an anthropomorphized species. The analysis will develop by focusing on these three conceptual domains, namely, political, economic and anthropomorphised. Further, in order to understand how different stakeholders have different perceptions and attitudes, the research participants are divided into four groups. The stakeholders groups involve the local community, the entrepreneurs, the conservationists and the tourists. By doing so, the research will present the point of view of local, national and international actors. The main argument of the thesis revolves around the discourses about mountain gorillas. More specifically, how international actors have imposed western-centred discourses about wildlife conservation in order to ensure gorilla conservation. Along with national actors, who have later adopted the same discourses, to guarantee the development of the tourism industry.Show less
The invention of the Web has influenced the world drastically. Talking in real-time to someone on the other side of the planet is no longer an issue. Also, consuming information has become a lot...Show moreThe invention of the Web has influenced the world drastically. Talking in real-time to someone on the other side of the planet is no longer an issue. Also, consuming information has become a lot easier and quicker; think about checking the weather or the news while you are waiting at the bus stop. Network technology has affected almost every part of our lives and therefore, expectations are high when it comes to what the Web can do more. Evidence are the many claims about the Web being a democratizing force in the case of politics for instance. The main question in this thesis is: To what extent does the Web as a thoroughly ‘democratic’ medium with its two-way traffic, helps the exchange of knowledge and thus is contributing to a democratic system in politics as much as its formal characteristics appear to promise? To answer this main question, this thesis will treat several questions first: What does a 'democratizing force' mean? And: What does it mean when someone claims the Web to be a democratizing force? With help from recent case studies, news articles and research in the field of new media, I tried to find answers to these questions.Show less
De Meiji-periode bracht vele veranderingen met zich mee, zowel politiek als maatschappelijk. Het omvallen van het Tokugawa shogunaat had ook grote gevolgen voor religieuze groeperingen, waaronder...Show moreDe Meiji-periode bracht vele veranderingen met zich mee, zowel politiek als maatschappelijk. Het omvallen van het Tokugawa shogunaat had ook grote gevolgen voor religieuze groeperingen, waaronder de boeddhistische organisaties. Naast het feit dat deze niet meer de privileges hadden die ze wel genoten onder het shogunaat, werd er ook een hoop materieel, waaronder tempels, kunst en grondgebied, goed beschadigd tijdens de haibutsu kishaku 廃仏毀釈 . Sommige vormen en organisaties binnen het Boeddhisme, zoals Shugendo (de praktijk van het verkrijgen van niet-alledaagse krachten in het berggebied), werden verboden, ceremonies werden verboden of overgenomen. Een echter nog belangrijker gevolg voor het Boeddhisme in Japan toendertijd was het inhoudelijk aanpassen aan de moderniteit, Westers gedachtegoed en het nieuwe geïmporteerde concept religie wat tot voor kort nog niet bestond in Japan. In deze thesis wordt gekeken wat er door deze reorganisaties van het rituele landschap allemaal is veranderd binnen het Japanse Boeddhisme en wat Japans Boeddhisme überhaupt inhoudt. Vervolgens wordt ook het gedachtegoed van enkele geleerden besproken, wiens gedachtegoed invloed heeft gehad op de shinbutsu bunri en de manier waarop de situatie van het Japanse Boeddhisme door deze scheiding is veranderd. Dit zijn Inoue Enryō 井上円了(1858-1919) en in iets mindere mate Shimaji Mokurai島地 黙雷 (1838-1911).Show less
An account of Mozi's political philosophy from the perspective of his synthesis of power and knowledge through the formulation of a meritocratic bureaucracy designed to employ and empower officials...Show moreAn account of Mozi's political philosophy from the perspective of his synthesis of power and knowledge through the formulation of a meritocratic bureaucracy designed to employ and empower officials with the appropriate skills and expertise for governing.Show less
Although the general image of the classical Chinese book the Zhuangzi is that it is unique because of its unpolitical character, this research tries to find out whether this is true by examning the...Show moreAlthough the general image of the classical Chinese book the Zhuangzi is that it is unique because of its unpolitical character, this research tries to find out whether this is true by examning the political character of the most important figure in the Zhuangzi: the sage. The sage embodies the entire philosophy of the Zhuangzi, and although he can not be said to be a political charachter, his man characteristics can definitely be used for political purposes. A good example of this usage is the Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte, who, regarding the characteristics 'facilitating performance', acts strikingly in accordance with the Zhuangzian sage.Show less
This thesis examines how English elite print media represent Doi Takako and Renho Murata; both women who have participated or participate at prominent positions in Japanese politics. The purpose is...Show moreThis thesis examines how English elite print media represent Doi Takako and Renho Murata; both women who have participated or participate at prominent positions in Japanese politics. The purpose is to shed light onto the notion that media may contribute to a social construction of gender for these Japanese political women, by analysing how their femininity within a leading position is discussed and portrayed by media discourse. This is done by answering the question whether representations of Doi Takako and Renho Murata by English elite print media be regarded as an anti-Japanese political discourse on gender.Show less
Commonly recognized as the oldest cosmological text in Thai, the Traiphum Phra Ruang has traditionally enjoyed considerable prestige in Thailand. However, this is not only because of the text’s...Show moreCommonly recognized as the oldest cosmological text in Thai, the Traiphum Phra Ruang has traditionally enjoyed considerable prestige in Thailand. However, this is not only because of the text’s literary or historical relevance. As the text outlines the origin of kingship and the moral basis for Theravada Buddhist society through describing the workings of kamma, it has proven to be a valuable source of theoretical legitimacy for the Thai monarchy. This thesis examines how the text has been used for the restoration of king Bhumibol’s legitimacy after the student revolts in the 1970s. The following argues that this has been done through a tacit promotion of the text as the prime symbol of Thai cultural heritage and national identity, and the inculcation of the norms and values displayed within it by presenting the text as a tradition.Show less
The Japanese government has enacted a series of new laws and correlating policies, molded in galvanizing rhetoric of 'adhering to the rule of law in an international context' and a 'pro-active...Show moreThe Japanese government has enacted a series of new laws and correlating policies, molded in galvanizing rhetoric of 'adhering to the rule of law in an international context' and a 'pro-active contribution to peace', justifying the gradual change of its passive stance on cyber-security into a more aggressive one. Yet, in the cyber-realm, the rule of law in an international context is not a static all-encompassing concept; it is filled with normative voids, and constantly in flux, similar to the ever-evolving interpretations behind the rationale of Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, and the extent to which this allegedly legitimizes shifts in the underpinning security landscape. This thesis provides an insight into the actions conducted by the Japanese government, the significance of their rhetoric, and reveals underlying patterns in the construction of their narratives, by analyzing how political discourse shapes the security landscape, how this affects the (de-)evolution of law, and vice versa. It demonstrates that opposing views on the lethality of cyber-operations contribute to the splintering of international law, hereby creating leeway for the Abe-administration to utilize these lacunae as a rhetorical tool to shift the paradigm of Japan's domestic law. As I argue here, however, there is little rationale that stems from international legal concepts to justify connecting cyber-security to Abe’s vision for general security reform.Show less
With the revision of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act in the 1990s the Japanese Government introduced new policies for the acceptance of foreign labour into society. Whereas...Show moreWith the revision of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act in the 1990s the Japanese Government introduced new policies for the acceptance of foreign labour into society. Whereas formal policies for admitting skilled foreign workers were introduced, a formal policy for admitting unskilled foreign workers has been lacking up until this date. Instead, the respective workers came to enter Japan through certain backdoor policies and have been doing so ever since. This thesis will provide insight into the reason why this is by explaining the impact that conservative political elites have upon immigration policymaking. It will reveal that their presence forms an obstacle in formalizing any such policy to admit unskilled foreign workers, whereas continuing to admit them through backdoor channels only enhances vulnerability to exploitation.Show less
Art provides a reflection on political and social conditions and for that reason, has been a tool used to express opposition. In communist Poland, film became a popular means for engaging in...Show moreArt provides a reflection on political and social conditions and for that reason, has been a tool used to express opposition. In communist Poland, film became a popular means for engaging in political discourse that would otherwise not be allowed. This thesis seeks to explore the role of art and film in Poland between the 1950s and 1970s, using Andrzej Wajda's film "Man of Marble" as a case study.Show less
Since its independence in 1960, Nigeria has experienced varying degrees of conflict. Increasingly conflict in the country has developed along religious lines, and is often perceived as a North...Show moreSince its independence in 1960, Nigeria has experienced varying degrees of conflict. Increasingly conflict in the country has developed along religious lines, and is often perceived as a North versus South dichotomy. This thesis aims to understand the conflict between religious groups in Nigeria through an examination of state-society relations and a case study that focuses on the Christian Association of Nigeria. State-society relations refers to the interaction of the governing elite, including all branches of government, with the general population. As such, the thesis argues, that the way this relationship is formed has consequences for politics and in turn influences the type and form of conflict in a country - whether the conflict be physical or psychological.Show less
This thesis will examine Abe’s push to constitutional reinterpretation and how the political left reacted to his argument by focusing on the following question: did the Japanese left-wing political...Show moreThis thesis will examine Abe’s push to constitutional reinterpretation and how the political left reacted to his argument by focusing on the following question: did the Japanese left-wing political actors reconsider their view on Article 9 and Japan’s current defense attitude? If the extreme political left of Japan has altered their stance on Abe and his push for reinterpretation, it means that the whole debate on Japanese defense policy is changing altogether. Therefore, Shinzō Abe might have had an impact on how Article 9 and Japan’s defense posture are perceived by the political left-wing. This will be analyzed through the model of securitization, as defined by the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. By applying this framework, this thesis will show how Abe attempts to securitize the issue of Japan’s national identity through addressing Japan’s defense capabilities and how the left-wing responds by counter-securitizing the issue of pacifism within national identity. The second goal of the thesis is to present the validity of the Copenhagen School’s framework by showing its applicability to the case of Japan’s constitutional reinterpretation. First, we shall analyze the literature on both Shinzō Abe’s reinterpretation attempt and the securitization model. Secondly, we will examine the nature of Abe’s push to constitutional reinterpretation by analyzing a book he wrote before he became prime minister and a book he wrote while he was prime minister. In this way, we can establish whether his stance has changed on reinterpreting the constitution. Then we will explore if and how Abe’s attempt for reinterpretation has reshaped the views of the political left in Japan. The effect of Abe’s push to reinterpret the constitution on popular opinion will be exposed by analyzing the phenomenon of counter-securitization by Japanese left-wing activists. We will look at in what manner the attempt has affected the left-wing in their rhetoric by examining scholarly articles on the subject. If this is the case, we might conclude that the Japanese extreme left is currently in the middle of a shift towards middle left.Show less
Deze thesis gaat over de politieke carrière van Abraham Kuyper en richt zich op de inhoud, structuur en toepassing van zijn zelf ontwikkelde zedelijke politiek voor de oprichting van de ARP in 1879.
When the Second World War ended, the European continent was devastated. Displaced persons (DPs) were scattered all over Europe. There were children among the DPs. They had survived the...Show moreWhen the Second World War ended, the European continent was devastated. Displaced persons (DPs) were scattered all over Europe. There were children among the DPs. They had survived the concentration camps, but often they had no place or family to return to. The European continent was not able to take care of all the DPs as the countries needed to rebuild themselves. The DPs needed to be relocated. An obvious choice would have been Ireland [neutral and undamaged by the war] but Ireland had strict immigration policy, in particularly towards Jewish people. This research aims to explain the attitude of the Irish government towards Jewish DP children and the relationship between media, claim makers and policymakers with regard to policymaking. The story of Dr. W.R.F. Collis is used as a case study. This research is based on a wide range of sources (including policy documents, interviews, autobiographies and newspaper articles).Show less
