Fear among other emotions plays an important role in shaping political outcomes, especially during periods of uncertainty. In this paper, ‘the politics of fear’ is taken as the theoretical basis...Show moreFear among other emotions plays an important role in shaping political outcomes, especially during periods of uncertainty. In this paper, ‘the politics of fear’ is taken as the theoretical basis and is explored through a case study of the democratic transition period in Egypt from 2011 to 2013. The aim is to investigate how fear led to the ultimate failure of this transition. This paper demonstrates that fear was experienced, instrumentalized and exacerbated by three main groups in Egypt during this period, the elite, the Muslim Brotherhood, and the leftists and seculars. Looking beyond Egypt, ‘the politics of fear’ can be used to explain other periods of political uncertainty in different contexts.Show less
This Bachelor thesis investigates the effect of the objectives and levels of success of sanctions on poverty. The relationship is tested by extending the model by Neuenkirch and Neumeier (2016), in...Show moreThis Bachelor thesis investigates the effect of the objectives and levels of success of sanctions on poverty. The relationship is tested by extending the model by Neuenkirch and Neumeier (2016), in which the effect of US-sanctions on poverty is tested. The model is extended by adding new data from the "Global Sanctions Database" by Feberlmyer et al (2020).The results indicate that sanctions with the objective of “destabilizing regime” increase the poverty gap in target states by 5.83% percent compared to the objective to improve democracy in target states. Further, the objective “prevent war” is negatively associated with the poverty gap, leading to a decrease by 3.7% compared to when the objective was to improve democracy. The results also indicate that sanctions classified as “negotiated settlement” increase the poverty in target states by 4.6% compared to sanctions labeled “total success”.Show less
