Since 2005, despite restricting immigration policies, the Netherlands has had a persistent growth of migrants with a Russian background and of Russian-speaking migrants from other countries; more...Show moreSince 2005, despite restricting immigration policies, the Netherlands has had a persistent growth of migrants with a Russian background and of Russian-speaking migrants from other countries; more than half of these immigrants are women. This thesis gains an insight into how the urban environment in Dutch cities contributes to the sense of belonging of Russian-speaking first-generation migrant women and to the (potential) conflict among them and with the host society. Overall, Dutch cities allow these women to establish a meaningful connection with Dutch culture and history. Urban space, its history and aesthetics provide a framework to connect women’s personal narratives to a broader cultural and historical context. This, in turn, shapes local urban identity, which facilitates the immigrants’ sense of belonging and, consequently, the integration process. Additionally, the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has heightened the awareness towards Russian-speaking women’s identities and the Russian language’s increased presence in Dutch cities, which in turn has influenced tensions and the possibility of conflicts at the local level and primarily in urban spaces.Show less
Since 2005, despite restricting immigration policies, the Netherlands has had a persistent growth of migrants with a Russian background and of Russian-speaking migrants from other countries; more...Show moreSince 2005, despite restricting immigration policies, the Netherlands has had a persistent growth of migrants with a Russian background and of Russian-speaking migrants from other countries; more than half of these immigrants are women. This thesis gains an insight into how the urban environment in Dutch cities contributes to the sense of belonging of Russian-speaking first-generation migrant women and to the (potential) conflict among them and with the host society. Overall, Dutch cities allow these women to establish a meaningful connection with Dutch culture and history. Urban space, its history and aesthetics provide a framework to connect women’s personal narratives to a broader cultural and historical context. This, in turn, shapes local urban identity, which facilitates the immigrants’ sense of belonging and, consequently, the integration process. Additionally, the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has heightened the awareness towards Russian-speaking women’s identities and the Russian language’s increased presence in Dutch cities, which in turn has influenced tensions and the possibility of conflicts at the local level and primarily in urban spaces.Show less
Built heritage plays an important role in the urban planning context, interestingly enough to shifting social and environmental concepts within a community. With the objective of providing...Show moreBuilt heritage plays an important role in the urban planning context, interestingly enough to shifting social and environmental concepts within a community. With the objective of providing alternative perspectives on prior assessments of the value of historical city identity for a sense of place in cities, this thesis provides a discussion and analysis of a contrasting modern-day city like Rotterdam. The research is useful for cities that have undergone mass destruction and are in need of general reconstruction in answering questions on how to (re)build a sense of place for their population. Additionally, the findings are written upon existing literature, interviews conducted with local architects and urban designers, as well as a survey of Rotterdammers living and working within the city center. Reflecting on the urban planning practices, it becomes evident that Rotterdammers’ grew their appreciation and awareness of historical value. Findings show, that historical city identity has the potential to foster a sense of belonging, connectedness, familiarity, and continuity and through that alter Rotterdammers’ sense of place. However, it fails to provide distinctiveness and support the community’s multicultural identity.Show less
In 1998, the Linkage Act came into effect in the Netherlands, linking the right to social benefits to a residence permit. Migrants who were unable to claim a residence permit, were to be deported....Show moreIn 1998, the Linkage Act came into effect in the Netherlands, linking the right to social benefits to a residence permit. Migrants who were unable to claim a residence permit, were to be deported. Fifteen Turkish women resisted the Linkage Act, and went on a hunger strike for 39 days. Women, who were also mothers, going on a hunger strike was a new phenomenon in the Netherlands. This thesis analyses the following research question: 'How and why did the fifteen Turkish women decided to go on a hunger strike and use it as a method of protest?' This thesis aimed to answer this question by using interviews with the hunger strikers together with an analysis on gender, motherhood, support, and avoiding a precedent.Show less
What did ‘good’ citizenship mean to the Dutch officials and to the Dutch prisoners of camp Miranda de Ebro, and how did the lack of aid and slow releases and evacuations by the Dutch state during...Show moreWhat did ‘good’ citizenship mean to the Dutch officials and to the Dutch prisoners of camp Miranda de Ebro, and how did the lack of aid and slow releases and evacuations by the Dutch state during their imprisonment influence their idea and sense of Dutchmanship?Show less
In de scriptie wordt het driejarige proces van de kerk-Marokkanen besproken aan de had van drie aspecten: acties die door mensen werden gehouden om de Marokkanen te helpen, steun die aan hen werd...Show moreIn de scriptie wordt het driejarige proces van de kerk-Marokkanen besproken aan de had van drie aspecten: acties die door mensen werden gehouden om de Marokkanen te helpen, steun die aan hen werd gegeven en besluitvormingen in de politiek met betrekking tot de groep Marokkanen. Het uiteindelijke doel was om de factoren te weten te komen die bijdroegen aan het laten blijven van de kerk-Marokkanen in Nederland in 1978.Show less
The rising levels and dimensions of diversity in European states have been a topic of debate for decades. Starting with the permanent settlement of non-Western guest-workers in countries such as...Show moreThe rising levels and dimensions of diversity in European states have been a topic of debate for decades. Starting with the permanent settlement of non-Western guest-workers in countries such as the Netherlands and Germany, the debate concerning integration and compatibility with Western values has been high on the agenda. A key concern in regards to this, is the maintenance of social cohesion. Putnam has argued that social cohesion can be formed through increasing social capital, within and between different groups. Religious associations have been considered essential to bridge between groups and create social capital. However, the ongoing political debates and portrayals of mosques and Muslims affect the mutual trust that is fundamental to social capital. In this paper, I will examine the role of mosques in the creation of social cohesion (SCH) and social capital (SC). I will do so by forming a theoretical framework surrounding the two concepts and determining the relevant indicators. After this, an assessment of the position and portrayal of Mosques and Muslims in the Netherlands will demonstrate the consequences of perceptions on social trust. Finally, I will analyse the interviews I have conducted with volunteers at the Centrum de Middenweg mosque in Rotterdam and several residents, based on the indicators I have found in the literature. My results display that a mosque can contribute to the social cohesion in a neighbourhood despite the discourse, by creating a welcoming ambiance and being in constant interaction with the residents.Show less
Public opinion on protests is largely determined by news coverage. News media function as gatekeepers, who decide how news is communicated to the audience. In the case of protests against racism...Show morePublic opinion on protests is largely determined by news coverage. News media function as gatekeepers, who decide how news is communicated to the audience. In the case of protests against racism and police brutality, framing tended to be delegitimizing. This study questions the framing of protests against police brutality by news media within the context of newspaper and televised news coverage, researching long-term developments based on two case studies: the Rodney King riots (1992), and the George Floyd protests (2020). Using a critical discourse analysis of coverage from four newspapers and two news channels, this research examines the framing of protests by media outlets to constitute the dominant narrative of the publications. Next, articles and fragments were quantitatively coded using several terms and ‘coded words’ to generate counts of the words within the articles, which reinforce negative frames. Research suggests media coverage of protests does not necessarily follow a delegitimizing pattern anymore, but protesters are still viewed negatively by the media. These findings contributed to the understanding of the role of news media in the framing of protests against racism and police brutality.Show less
De term renegaten wordt gebruikt om de vroegmoderne Europese bekeerlingen tot de islam mee te duiden. Zij zijn typische figuren in de mediterrane geschiedenis van de zestiende tot de achttiende...Show moreDe term renegaten wordt gebruikt om de vroegmoderne Europese bekeerlingen tot de islam mee te duiden. Zij zijn typische figuren in de mediterrane geschiedenis van de zestiende tot de achttiende eeuw’ en waren over de gehele Noord-Afrikaanse kust te vinden. De renegaten konden, door hun kennis van zowel de christelijke als de islamitische wereld, een belangrijke diplomatieke rol op zich nemen en waren vaak van cruciaal belang bij het vrijkopen van Nederlandse gevangenen en slaven in Noord-Afrika. De bekeerlingen werkten nauw samen met verschillende Nederlandse handelsvertegenwoordigers of diplomatieke agenten en vormden de onmisbare schakel tussen Noord-Afrikaanse sultanaten en de Staten-Generaal. Ondanks deze fundamentele hulp konden de renegaten, zo leert de literatuur ons, wegens hun bekering in hun vaderland nauwelijks op begrip of tolerantie rekenen. Bij terugkeer naar de Republiek stond hen alles behalve en warm welkom te wachten doordat ze werden gezien en behandeld als uitschot en landverraders. Onmisbaar maar tegelijkertijd ook ongewenst: de literatuur schetst een ingewikkeld en paradoxaal beeld van de renegaat op het vroegmoderne toneel. Dit negatieve stereotype valt namelijk niet te rijmen met de functies die renegaten in de realiteit bekleedden. Een verklaring zou kunnen zijn dat de beeldvorming rondom de bekeerlingen onderhevig was aan verandering. Hierdoor zouden renegaten al een belangrijke diplomatieke positie hebben veiliggesteld voordat de Nederlandse kijk op hen verslechterde. De huidige literatuur geeft nog geen antwoord op de vraag of die verandering er inderdaad was, dus dit onderzoek stelt zich ten doel dat te onderzoeken.Show less
Dit onderzoek behandeld de invloed van traditionalisering en islamisering op het kleedgedrag van de eerste generatie Marokkaans-Nederlandse vrouwelijke migranten in Nederland en Marokko.
