In this thesis, the author explores the ways in which Dutch refugees were influenced in their political thinking during their exile in France, 1787-1795. Special attention has therefore been paid...Show moreIn this thesis, the author explores the ways in which Dutch refugees were influenced in their political thinking during their exile in France, 1787-1795. Special attention has therefore been paid to the individual case of Johan Valckenaer (1759-1821), who was an influential figure in the Dutch refugee community.Show less
The Dutch glassmaker’s son and rector of the Latin school in Zutphen, Marcellus Franckheim (Zutphen 1587- Dunkirk 1644), converted from Calvinism to Catholicism in 1614 and became secretary to...Show moreThe Dutch glassmaker’s son and rector of the Latin school in Zutphen, Marcellus Franckheim (Zutphen 1587- Dunkirk 1644), converted from Calvinism to Catholicism in 1614 and became secretary to Cardinal Melchior Khlesl at the court of the Habsburg Emperor Matthias. He ended his life as councillor to the Spanish King Philip IV in the admiralty of the Flanders fleet. By analysing Franckheim’s surviving correspondence and publications, this thesis shows that while Franckheim’s life on first sight seems full of unexpected moves and change, there is a remarkable continuity in his faith, his contacts and his opinions. It also shows that the Dutch Gomarist-Arminian controversy during the Twelve Years Truce directly influenced his decision to convert and that a group of engaged Zutphen Catholic citizens connected him to the Counter-Reformation world of the Habsburg courts in Europe. Using Marcellus Franckheim as an exemplary case, this thesis addresses the broader question of how Dutch Catholics in the early seventeenth century, both in the Low Countries and in exile, participated in local and transnational networks to promote and consolidate their faith. It also provides insight in the interconnectedness of the political and religious conflicts in the Low Countries and the Holy Roman Empire, in particular with regard to the ways in which individuals felt involved and tried to influence these events.Show less
In 1585, the hostilities in the Anglo-Spanish rivalry came to an all-time high. Researches have presented a divided narrative about the conflict. A trade embargo on all English vessels and the...Show moreIn 1585, the hostilities in the Anglo-Spanish rivalry came to an all-time high. Researches have presented a divided narrative about the conflict. A trade embargo on all English vessels and the constant assaults of Sir Francis Drake were two potential reasons for the Anglo-Spanish War. Which one of them is the point of no return is, however, not known. Since the crucial moment is not established, the question of the point of no return has been left unanswered. Historians have debated with little success as the answers to the question have not been very definite. The absence of explicit evidence and specific research to the period didn’t encourage a better historiographic debate, thus leaving the question of the point of no return unanswered. This study examines the same question that past historians have failed to answer: the point of no return in the Anglo-Spanish relations. Furthermore, the analysis reveals valuable information about unnoticed parts in missives, a distinctive event and the perspective of Elizabeth I and Philip II on the conflict.Show less
Koning Jacobus I wilde vlak na zijn aantreden geen onrust in Engeland en besloot een conferentie te organiseren om de puriteinen de gelegenheid te geven hun onvrede en aanbevelingen met betrekking...Show moreKoning Jacobus I wilde vlak na zijn aantreden geen onrust in Engeland en besloot een conferentie te organiseren om de puriteinen de gelegenheid te geven hun onvrede en aanbevelingen met betrekking tot de Kerk van Engeland nader toe te laten lichten. Tijdens de zogeheten Hampton Court Conference in 1604 gingen de koning, afgevaardigden van de Kerk van Engeland en afgevaardigden van de puriteinen met elkaar om tafel zitten. Een van de afgevaardigden van de Kerk van Engeland, William Barlow, heeft uitgebreid verslag gedaan over alles wat tijdens de Hampton Court Conference werd besproken en beslist. Vlak na de Hampton Court Conference publiceerde Francis Bacon zijn belangrijkste religieuze werk. Het werk had de belangstelling van de koning, omdat het voor een groot deel inging op de religieuze kwesties die aan de orde waren gekomen tijdens de Hampton Court Conference en de opvattingen van koning Jacobus I leek te weerspiegelen. De vraag die gesteld kan worden is of Bacon's werk zijn eigen opvattingen over de Kerk van Engeland weerspiegelde of dat het gebaseerd was op de uitspraken van koning Jacobus I tijdens de Hampton Court Conference.Show less
Nineteenth-century British politics cultivated the idea that it was Britain’s responsibility to enforce its virtues upon the rest of the world. Domestic and foreign issues became linked by...Show moreNineteenth-century British politics cultivated the idea that it was Britain’s responsibility to enforce its virtues upon the rest of the world. Domestic and foreign issues became linked by fundamental themes as new forces of liberalism, political reform and religious pluralism challenged the old English regime. The Belgian Revolt, and its diplomatic and political aftermath, had a tremendous impact on the ideological struggle in Parliament. The opinion and interest for the Belgian case and the appropriate British response to it led to many intense parliamentary debates in the years 1830-1834. Furthermore, the Belgian question influenced discussions on other significant issues in British politics, such as parliamentary reform, repeal of the union with Ireland, collaboration with the Concert of Europe, France and the Holy Alliance. As foreign policy and domestic affairs became integrated through fundamental themes, an ideological struggle erupted and political parties presented themselves as more patriotic than their rivals. Consequently, the Belgian question became the battleground on which English intellectual, cultural and moral ideas were projected.Show less
Invloed van de beeldvorming in Europa over het Osmaanse rijk en de christelijke achtergrond op het schrijven van Europese diplomaten in het Osmaanse over de religieuze verschillen tussen 1550 en 1780.
