This study uses data from the Labour Supply Panel (‘Arbeidsaanbodpanel’) to analyse the incidence of overeducation in the Netherlands and the returns to overeducation compared to non-overeducated...Show moreThis study uses data from the Labour Supply Panel (‘Arbeidsaanbodpanel’) to analyse the incidence of overeducation in the Netherlands and the returns to overeducation compared to non-overeducated workers in the same job level, as well as the costs to overeducation compared to non-educated workers in the same education level. Our exploratory analysis combines descriptive statistics and linear probability models to illustrate the incidence of overeducation and to assess whether recent job polarization trends have led overeducation to be more prevalent among middle skilled workers, and whether economic downturns lead to an increase of overeducated workers. We find no evidence for such trends. Our regression models on the effects of overeducation on earned income are consistent with previous studies in that there are returns to overeducation compared to non-overeducated workers in the same job level. However, we find large disparities in returns over different education levels and job sectors, with many showing no significant returns whatsoever. Costs to overeducation compared to non-overeducated workers of the same education level are more pervasive, and are especially high among those groups that show no significant returns compared to non-overeducated workers within the same job level. Furthermore, our fixedeffects models illustrate that any such returns might be the result of unobserved individual characteristics, rather than of an individual’s formal education level.Show less
Women are still lagging behind men regarding their participation in the labor market, full-time employment, and the wages they earn. Subsidized childcare favors maternal employment for impoverished...Show moreWomen are still lagging behind men regarding their participation in the labor market, full-time employment, and the wages they earn. Subsidized childcare favors maternal employment for impoverished mothers. In Mexico, the largest childcare subsidized program (PEI) was suspended in February 2019, and replaced by an unconditional cash transfer program (CWSP). Using a Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity, Logistic Regressions, and Heckman Correction models, this study seeks to explain the effect of the transition from the PEI to the CWSP on women’s employment rate in Mexico. The study analyzes 1) the sociodemographic characteristics that explain the participation in the PEI and CWSP, and 2) the effect of the programs’ beneficiaries’ rate in women’ labor force participation. The results suggest that the trend in women’s employment rate didn’t change after the PEI ended and was substituted with the CWSP, at least in the short run. As for the programs’ focalization, the PEI did reach its target population, and the CWSP, as derived from the PEI, also reached its target population. Finally, the largest share of women that participate in the labor force is actually in the municipalities where there is a greater share of beneficiaries.Show less
Rising house prices are of increasing concern for the Dutch government. Many elements influence the house prices, but it is often unclear how much can be contributed specifically. This research...Show moreRising house prices are of increasing concern for the Dutch government. Many elements influence the house prices, but it is often unclear how much can be contributed specifically. This research studies the effect of immigration on house prices in the Netherlands from 2013 till 2019. It contributes to understanding the influence recent immigration flows have on the Dutch economy, by estimating its impact on the housing market. Furthermore, it looks for differences of this effect between three geographic areas; municipalities, districts and neighborhoods. The results show a positive effect on the house prices in general because of decreased supply. This effect is negative for house prices in districts and neighborhoods due to the native population moving out (native flight). Natives with the highest disposable income respond to immigration by moving to different districts or neighborhoods. This generates a negative effect on housing demand and decreases house prices is in these areas. There are some differences between provinces in the strength of the effect. No negative relation is found between immigration and crime, or between immigration and housing supply.Show less
