By seeking to explore the development of social protection national policy, this thesis has sought to contribute to the field of global social policy, by delving into the role and influence of...Show moreBy seeking to explore the development of social protection national policy, this thesis has sought to contribute to the field of global social policy, by delving into the role and influence of international organizations with regards to national social protection systems. This research has scrutinised the way Mexico applied conventions related to social protection devised by the International Labour Organisation and developed its national social protection system since 1931 (when it joined the organisation) until present. Through a historical approach, it has been demonstrated how Mexico's changing economic systems have conditioned the applicability of the internationally-devised norms of the ILO to its national context. This finding aligns with the scholarly view on international norm compliance according to which states do not always defy internationally-imposed directives willingly, but are rather conditioned by national events or circumstances of a socio-economic or political order. It has thus been concluded that the Lost Decade of the 1980s represented a moment of upheaval and economic change (from state-led industrialization to market-led economy) that influenced the effectiveness of the ILO's norms on Mexico's social protection system.Show less
This paper consists of an analysis of the failure of the Yasuní-ITT Initiative, examining the internal and external factors that influenced the Initiative’s development, progress and subsequent...Show moreThis paper consists of an analysis of the failure of the Yasuní-ITT Initiative, examining the internal and external factors that influenced the Initiative’s development, progress and subsequent failure. The Yasuní-ITT Initiative was introduced under the Correa government as an environmental project that proposed to discontinue oil extraction in part of the Yasuní National Park in Ecuador, in turn for financial compensation from the international community. As such, it had the opportunity to set an example of global collaboration in conservation by proposing to share the costs and benefits of conservation internationally. While attempting to find an explanation for the Initiative’s failure, this paper taps into the highly topical dilemma between ecologism and economism as faced by the Ecuadorian government.Show less
ESP: A partir de dos variables - el modelo económico neoliberal y las relaciones políticas internacionales de Chile - se investigan las políticas comerciales exteriores del país entre 1973 y 2019....Show moreESP: A partir de dos variables - el modelo económico neoliberal y las relaciones políticas internacionales de Chile - se investigan las políticas comerciales exteriores del país entre 1973 y 2019. Este intervalo temporal coincide, por un lado, con el principio de la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet y, por el otro, con el estallido social de octubre del año pasado que perturbó un país que, hasta unas semanas antes, se solía definir como ""un oasis de paz"" en un continente inquieto como América Latina. Para ello, se analizan factores como un sector manufacturero debilitado y la relación de fuerzas entre grandes conglomerados industriales y PYMEs. Asimismo, se considera la excesiva dependencia de Chile de las exportaciones de recursos naturales - sobre todo cobre - y otras mercancías con muy poco valor añadido a la luz de su elaborado marco de tratados de libre comercio: a tal propósito, se observa como se decidió privilegiar la explotación de las ventajas comparativas del país y la influencia del sector exportador sobre estas políticas. Lo anterior significó que un amplio y duradero desarrollo económico se fue debilitando y que Chile nunca ingresó la liga de los países completamente industrializados. Para esta tesis, se llevó a cabo un trabajo de campo en Santiago de Chile entre noviembre 2019 y febrero 2020. // ENG: Two variables - the neoliberal economic model and Chile's international political relations - move this investigation around the country's foreign trade policies between 1973 and 2019. Provided time interval coincides, on the one hand, with the beginning of Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship and, on the other, with the outbreak of large-scale social protests which, in October last year, shook a country defined, until a few weeks earlier, as ""an oasis of peace"" in the eventful Latin America. Factors such as a weakened manufacturing sector, and the unbalanced relationship between large industrial groups (conglomerados) and local SMEs are addressed. Moreover, the flattening of economic development on exports of raw materials - copper in particular - and other products with no particular relevant added value is seen in the light of the establishment of a massive network of bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements whose main aims have been exploiting Chile's comparative advantages and pleasing outward-looking economic sectors. As a result, a large-scale and long-term economic progress was undermined making the country unable to join the league of those fully developed. For such thesis, a fieldwork research was conducted in Santiago de Chile between November 2019 and February 2020.Show less
This thesis examines the state of regional integration in Latin America, by looking at the customs union Mercosur. The Mercosur has been widely studied in terms of regionalism, but this thesis...Show moreThis thesis examines the state of regional integration in Latin America, by looking at the customs union Mercosur. The Mercosur has been widely studied in terms of regionalism, but this thesis offers new insights by looking at the effect of the strategic partnership between the EU and Brazil. Furthermore, this thesis produces a scholarly argument by systematically connecting analytical concepts to the regional integration of Mercosur. At last, this research on the consequences of the strategic partnership EU-Brazil on the regional integration of Mercosur certainly adds new insights regarding the functioning of Mercosur.Show less
This paper analyzes Mexico’s food consumption patterns and social consequences conditioned by economic changes following the implementation of NAFTA. Market liberalization and foreign investment...Show moreThis paper analyzes Mexico’s food consumption patterns and social consequences conditioned by economic changes following the implementation of NAFTA. Market liberalization and foreign investment have proven to negatively impact public health in Mexico which experiences a steep increase of obesity prevalence and non-communicable diseases. This paper is able to trace the complex relationship between trade, health policy and the nutrition transition.Show less
This thesis seeks to investigate the possible connection between the precarious socioeconomic situation that dominates the lives of most Chileans and the historically unprecedented magnitude of...Show moreThis thesis seeks to investigate the possible connection between the precarious socioeconomic situation that dominates the lives of most Chileans and the historically unprecedented magnitude of protests that are currently shaking the country. The main research question will, therefore, take a close look at “How to understand the 2019 Chilean protests as a result of the structural inequalities produced by the radical neoliberal development strategy implemented in the 1980s? In order to make this research more tangible and feasible, the privatization of the social security (pension) system will serve as a case study to analyze the changing tolerance for inequality, as the demand for a pension system reform is one of the key drivers behind the ongoing social upheaval in Chile. The research questions will be answered by using the Hirschman “tunnel hypothesis” created in 1973 to investigate how societies in the early stages of rapid economic development have created a substantial tolerance for initial economic disparities, anticipating a future reduction of said disparities that will include everyone. Should these expectations never be met, considerable social discontent develops, that can result in disaster and turn previous supporters into enemies of the stateShow less
While some recognise tourism as the optimal companion of conservation due to their beneficial symbiotic relationship, others have addressed the negative consequences on the islands. As such, the...Show moreWhile some recognise tourism as the optimal companion of conservation due to their beneficial symbiotic relationship, others have addressed the negative consequences on the islands. As such, the Galapagos will serve as a case to study the effects of tourism on conservation and local development to understand if they can be achieved simultaneously. This research aims to look behind the curtain of the idea of pristine and untouched nature and its alignment with tourism to find out if conservational and tourist practices can indeed be compatible and lead to a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship.As will be seen, the conflicts in the Galapagos surround the concepts of power and scale. It is these concepts that also form a central concern in the academic fields of political ecology and ecological economics, which will be the perspectives used for the analysis.Show less
O trabalho compreende a Análise da Política Externa do período Monárquico no Brasil. A partir das tomadas de decisão da Secretaria de Negócios Estrangeiros (atual Ministério das Relações Exteriores...Show moreO trabalho compreende a Análise da Política Externa do período Monárquico no Brasil. A partir das tomadas de decisão da Secretaria de Negócios Estrangeiros (atual Ministério das Relações Exteriores), é possível perceber as origens do que ficou denominado no estudo da Política Externa Brasileira (PEB) como "mito da estabilidade". Este conceito é abordado por um grupo restrito de teóricos e o presente trabalho visa dar mais ênfase ao estudo deste, inserido no contexto do Brasil Império. Pretende-se também, utilizar as ferramentas teóricas das Relações Internacionais para incluir o século XIX brasileiro no estudo da Análise de Política Externa (APE) do Brasil. Há escassos estudos a respeito da atuação internacional brasileira neste período (apenas capítulos introdutórios ou sub-seções em determinados livros). Apegando-se ao modelo teórico soberanista e de interesse nacional de Hans Morgenthau e ao conceito de estabilidade na PEB, o trabalho visa apresentar a origem da historiografia da Política Externa Brasileira.Show less
This thesis aims to describe the evolution on drug policies, mainly on coca, in Colombia and Bolivia. Heiren, is domestic influence and U.S. participation seen as the main effect.
