The research will carry out a multidisciplinary socio-economic approach to the phenomenon of 'State Capitalism' in Brazil. The term is an expression that designates the mechanism of a political...Show moreThe research will carry out a multidisciplinary socio-economic approach to the phenomenon of 'State Capitalism' in Brazil. The term is an expression that designates the mechanism of a political-economic nature that manifests itself in the relations established between the State, through its public agents and high-level politicians, and large private economic actors (or business groups). It is about Brazilian-style capitalism, with the term crony capitalism as a correspondent, a phenomenon that has been the object of interdisciplinary studies, notably in the areas of Political Sciences, Economics and Law. In this context, the main gaps and bottlenecks that favor or stimulate the use of state- owned companies and banks as institutional channels for shady negotiations, which involve the exchange of favors and distribution of privileges, engendered between the ruling political class and, preponderantly, large private capital, will be object of deep analysis. Such insidious relations may culminate in reverse income transfer, loss of economic efficiency due to misallocation of scarce economic resources, constitution of oligopolies and market reserves, misalignment with the State's social policy projects, and increase in opportunity costs. The patrimonialist and personalist culture underlying the economic and social relations in Brazil has as a probable historical element the model of colonization and extractive exploitation imposed by the Portuguese colonizers, through the formation of the first government structures and the bureaucratic institutional design conceived by the colonizers in their exploratory enterprise. In addition to the historical and cultural value of understanding the phenomenon of 'capitalism of ties' existing in Brazil, as a legacy of the model of exploitation established in this country, its relevant economic and social impacts on public management and Brazilian politics are highlighted. With greater importance, the issues related to governance in state-owned companies and their effects on the political and economic spheres, which constantly lead to the destabilization and weakening of the republican state system, with impacts on representative democracy itself and on the implementation of state policies in the medium and long term. Direct effects can thus be observed in the level of trust of citizens in their public managers and political representatives, undermined by the personalistic and patrimonialist management of large companies and state-owned banks, by the opacity in the process of accountability to society in relation to the investment policies of these companies and by the promiscuous relationships that often permeate the negotiations between these companies, the ruling political class and its support base.Show less
To what extent and in what way does the Quinceañera tradition serve as a platform for negotiating and challenging traditional representations of women's attire and appearance among second...Show moreTo what extent and in what way does the Quinceañera tradition serve as a platform for negotiating and challenging traditional representations of women's attire and appearance among second-generation Mexican-American youth in San Diego, U.S.?Show less
This thesis analyses the massive sterilization campaigns as a public policy of family planning and its impact on the essential rights of citizens during the government of Alberto Fujimori in Peru....Show moreThis thesis analyses the massive sterilization campaigns as a public policy of family planning and its impact on the essential rights of citizens during the government of Alberto Fujimori in Peru. Chapter 1 points to the fact that forced sterilizations as a violation of human rights in Peru is part of a wider phenomenon observed in other contexts. Similarly, this thesis organizes the discussion around central elements of human rights relevant to the specific case of productive rights. The analysis is structured from a demographic perspective, considering the relationship between poverty and birth rate and patient rights. Empirical analysis focuses on the perception of upper-middle-class youth in Lima about the relationship between poverty and birth control policies.Show less
El título de la presente tesis de maestría es “La estrategia de empoderamiento en las letras y audiovisuales del hip-hop femenino cubano”. La pregunta principal de la investigación es: ¿Qué...Show moreEl título de la presente tesis de maestría es “La estrategia de empoderamiento en las letras y audiovisuales del hip-hop femenino cubano”. La pregunta principal de la investigación es: ¿Qué estrategias utilizan las raperas en sus obras para empoderar a otras mujeres dentro del movimiento hip-hop cubano? Después de responder a esta pregunta, tendremos una mejor comprensión de las formas en que las raperas cubanas invocan la fuerza interior de sus oyentes y el posible impacto real en ellas. Esto será relevante porque a lo largo de la historia el feminismo ha ignorado otras vías a través de las cuales los individuos pueden experimentar opresión y desigualdad. La música hecha por y para mujeres negras muestra otra narrativa que les permite arrojar luz sobre su historia social, cultural, política e individual que no son simples catarsis existenciales. Es importante comprender la forma en que se usa la música hip-hop cuando se busca desarrollar el amor propio y la autoestima. El estudio que realizo pone en juego el debate de cómo y en qué medida esto se pretende. De tal manera, la investigación presenta un análisis de las canciones de tres músicos cubanos dentro del movimiento hip-hop: La Reyna y La Real –“Ciao Papito” (2020)-, La Fina –“Mujer Afrocubana” (2013)- y Oye Habana –“Negra” (2009)-. Teniendo como base la letra y los videoclips, se ha identificado que los temas principales de tales objetos culturales se hallan relacionados con el feminismo decolonial y la conciencia feminista negra. Abrazar la herencia, tener agencia personal para contar su historia, son dos aspectos importantes que inspiran a otras afrocubanas a valorarse más entre sí y a sí mismas. También fue sometido a discusión si este comportamiento era realmente feminista, pues se corre el riesgo de establecer estereotipos dañinos, cuando no confusos o limítrofes con zonas de la realidad que desvían o aniquilan la autenticidad de variados procesos emancipadores.Show less
This paper analyzes the impact of various policy subject on the Latin American electoral accountability. Knowing to which factors electoral accountability is prone in the reelection of Latin...Show moreThis paper analyzes the impact of various policy subject on the Latin American electoral accountability. Knowing to which factors electoral accountability is prone in the reelection of Latin American incumbents is relevant to the incumbents themselves at first. According to the democratic dividend theory, incumbents could increase their likelihood of securing its next term by providing certain policy merits to the population. Moreover, for scientific reasons, it could explain why some incumbents are reelected and others are not. Furthermore, it allows to better evaluate and analyze previous and upcoming elections in Latin America. First, a multi-level regression analysis is conducted concerning the effect of various factors on the incumbent’s reelection. Based on this research, GDP growth and corruption have significant effects on the reelection chances of incumbents. These results are applied to Brazil’s 2022 Presidential elections. The analysis is conducted with semi-structured interviews with experts in the field. This analysis highlights the importance of economic voting as well. Moreover, it mentions influential factors, such as healthcare policy, evangelic voting, and international economic influences. Altogether, this analysis emphasizes the importance of economic voting and economic electoral accountability in Latin American countries. This allows researchers to further analyze the Latin American elections through a better scope.Show less
Despite many social and political initiatives aiming to battle violence in and around stadiums, insecurity in Argentine football persists. Many scholars have assessed a distinctive set of causes of...Show moreDespite many social and political initiatives aiming to battle violence in and around stadiums, insecurity in Argentine football persists. Many scholars have assessed a distinctive set of causes of insecurity in the context of Argentine football, but few have assessed the persistent characteristic of it. Building upon a conceptual framework of political clientelism, this research aims to develop an understanding of the reproduction of insecurity in Argentine football. Through a political, economic and cultural dimension, this research concludes that political clientelist networks constitute to an intermediating factor between causes of violence and the reproduction of insecurity.Show less
This thesis examines the influence the 2016 regulation of medicinal cannabis in Colombia has had for the small and medium sized farmers. By looking at this recent change in public policy regarding...Show moreThis thesis examines the influence the 2016 regulation of medicinal cannabis in Colombia has had for the small and medium sized farmers. By looking at this recent change in public policy regarding marihuana cultivation through a socioeconomics analysis, a well-rounded situation is sketched. The thesis shows the various hurdles that still have to be taken in order for the regulation to truly benefit those who are most in need of it.Show less
This paper examines the effect of the arrival of Venezuelan migrants in Bogotá from 2017 onwards in relation to the perception of security of the city’s inhabitants. This study has been performed...Show moreThis paper examines the effect of the arrival of Venezuelan migrants in Bogotá from 2017 onwards in relation to the perception of security of the city’s inhabitants. This study has been performed succeeding extensive reporting of Colombian media in which Venezuelan migrants were held responsible for what had been named ‘a security crisis’. The results of this study show that the arrival of Venezuelan migrants has had a highly negative impact on the perception of security of Bogotá residents. Nevertheless, this study found that it is very unlikely, based upon official statistics, that the Venezuelan migrant population is to be held accountable for the ‘security crisis’. This study found that the security crisis, which is in essence a management crisis, is being used as an instrument by the highest political powers in order to attain personal success and slander political opponents. Venezuelan migrants are the victim of this internal power battle, exemplified by the presence of xenophobic and stigmatizing acts and tendencies present in both the political and public domain.Show less
Climate change has presented a threat during the last decade, as ecological systems are unstable and cannot regulate themselves anymore. In current times, the world is connected more than ever...Show moreClimate change has presented a threat during the last decade, as ecological systems are unstable and cannot regulate themselves anymore. In current times, the world is connected more than ever especially in regards to agricultural production such as banana production. In that way, for consumers, it is essential to be aware of their role as buyer and consumer and the impact their behaviour may have on nature and society. Especially, with the pressuring foreign demand for bananas which increased in the past years substantially. They must also understand how this impacts the sustainability of the banana production and its environmental consequences on the labour conditions of banana workers. In that way, this thesis will explore the Fairtrade banana production in Ecuadorian province of El Oro, by putting the fairness in Fairtrade into question. Additionally, small farmers from the Global South are responsible for at best 70 percent of the global food supply production, while at the same time they depend on the trade of their agricultural products as a source of income. Precisely, the province El Oro represents one of the three principal export-producers in the nation, containing the highest number of producers, and by being involved with Fairtrade International, this makes the El Oro banana production an intriguing case study.Show less
Durante los últimos diez años, el fenómeno del ‘body count’o los llamados falsos positivos de Colombia se ha convertido en un objeto de análisis relevante dentro de los ámbitos jurídicos,...Show moreDurante los últimos diez años, el fenómeno del ‘body count’o los llamados falsos positivos de Colombia se ha convertido en un objeto de análisis relevante dentro de los ámbitos jurídicos, académicos y periodísticos ya que hace parte de uno de los episodios más oscuros de la historia reciente en América Latina y en una de las prácticas de violencia estatal que aún hoy se trata de esclarecer. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los factores que permiten caracterizar el fenómeno de los falsos positivos como una práctica de terrorismo de Estado, haciendo énfasis en las medidas y estrategias de contrainsurgencia adoptadas desde el Estado colombiano para que estos hechos tuvieran lugar. A pesar de la considerable cantidad de producción investigativa sobre el fenómeno, una proporción importante de los análisis se aborda desde un carácter prevalentemente jurídico. Esta tesis, por lo tanto, analiza la práctica de los falsos positivos desde una mirada interdisciplinaria que integra perspectivas sociológicas, históricas y jurídicas.Show less
This thesis examines the role of social media in the Paro Nacional movement in Colombia in 2019-2020. Through a study of relevant literature, news articles, and a quantitative and qualitative...Show moreThis thesis examines the role of social media in the Paro Nacional movement in Colombia in 2019-2020. Through a study of relevant literature, news articles, and a quantitative and qualitative investigation of social media use, this analysis of social movement structures and the Paro Nacional movement leads to the identification of three functions of social media.Show less
