This paper aims to analyse the democratic potential of the internet and the ways in which the Russian pro-government disinformation campaign is used to limit this potential by conducting...Show moreThis paper aims to analyse the democratic potential of the internet and the ways in which the Russian pro-government disinformation campaign is used to limit this potential by conducting exploratory research on Russia as a single case study. Firstly, Russia’s disinformation campaign is analysed on its own. Secondly, the paper causally connects this disinformation campaign to the internet’s potential to consolidate democracy, primarily as a new free medium for information. In doing so, the paper makes use of two theories, inoculation theory and network theory, as underlying mechanisms for its analysis. It is argued that a negative relation can be observed between the internet’s potential to consolidate democratic developments through free and truthful information and Russia’s disinformation campaign. As this paper remains primarily theoretical in its analysis, further research is advised to determine how this relation has manifested in Russian society and what practical implications can be observed.Show less
The United States is currently in the process of replacing many of its traditional public schools with semi-private institutions called charter schools. Though this process only became widespread...Show moreThe United States is currently in the process of replacing many of its traditional public schools with semi-private institutions called charter schools. Though this process only became widespread within the last few decades, its origins are rooted in the political turmoil that occurred during the American Civil Rights movement more than 50 years ago. By implementing critical race theory, this study investigates the relationship between long standing racism and the push to privatize U.S. public schools by using the New Orleans public school system as a focal point. Court documents, historical accounts, interviews, era specific newspaper articles and prior research into the field are all used to accomplish this aim. Analyzing these materials illustrates how current arguments in favor of privatization were born out of white resistance to racially integrated public schools in the mid-20th century, and still echo the talking points used during the Civil Rights era to challenge forced integration. Based on these analyses, this study concludes that the American charter school movement is poorly regulated, racially biased, and creates classroom inequality in New Orleans, and throughout the United States.Show less
De opkomst van het internet en specifiek sociale media hebben voor veranderingen gezorgd binnen de journalistiek. Door middel van het internet kan het publiek steeds makkelijker in contact komen...Show moreDe opkomst van het internet en specifiek sociale media hebben voor veranderingen gezorgd binnen de journalistiek. Door middel van het internet kan het publiek steeds makkelijker in contact komen met journalisten. Ook ieders mogelijkheid om vrijelijk op het internet te kunnen publiceren heeft het journalistieke werk veranderd. Bovendien hebben de journalist en diens organisatie niet langer een monopolie op de verspreiding van het nieuws. Als gevolg van deze veranderingen is de networked journalist ontstaan. De traditionele journalistieke structuur maakte plaats voor openheid en interactiviteit die het internet biedt, hoewel de kernkarakteristieken van de journalistiek – waaronder haar maatschappelijke functie en het analyseren en filteren van nieuws – bleven bestaan. Journalist en burger werken toenemend samen aan het journalistieke product. Het sociale mediaplatform Twitter is een voorbeeld van hoe dit networked journalism zich kan manifesteren. Het platform biedt de mogelijkheid voor journalist en publiek om makkelijk in contact te komen en meningen uit te wisselen. Maatschappelijke thema’s worden op Twitter vaak besproken en bediscussieerd. Het thema ‘migratie’ is vanaf de zomer van 2015 sterk vertegenwoordigd op de publieke en nieuwsagenda, en roept ook op Twitter veel reacties van gebruikers op. Voor dit onderzoek zijn de tweets van elf Nederlandse journalisten die berichten over migratie geanalyseerd, evenals de reacties die zij krijgen op Twitter. Vervolgens zijn deze elf journalisten geïnterviewd over hoe zij omgaan met de verschillende soorten reacties, of de journalisten deze tweets nuttig achten en of de tweets gebruikt worden voor het journalistieke werk. Dit verkennende onderzoek brengt daarmee twee zaken in kaart: enerzijds categoriseert het de soort reacties die journalisten die berichten over migratie krijgen op Twitter, anderzijds categoriseert dit onderzoek de manier waarop deze journalisten omgaan met Twitterreacties.Show less
Throughout the 2000s, the World Bank seems to have undergone a paradigm shift from a neoliberal, market-oriented agenda to a more state-centric approach with increased attention to national...Show moreThroughout the 2000s, the World Bank seems to have undergone a paradigm shift from a neoliberal, market-oriented agenda to a more state-centric approach with increased attention to national particularities in policy design. However, in contrast to the recent enthusiasm by a variety of authors does this thesis argue that the increased attention to the role of institutions and politics in socio-economic development has merely been discursive. The here presented historical analysis of Malawi’s political economy since 1979 shows that there have been little actual changes to the Bank’s policies over the years, to the detriment of equitable socio-economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. A continued focus on neoclassical economic theory and a lack of attention to national political economy are largely to blame. This thesis holds that to improve socio-economic development, development in practice needs to be transformed by moving beyond overtly theoretical and technocratic approaches and recognizing the inherent political nature of economies, instead of viewing the socio-political order underlying market relationships as an isolated given.Show less
The main finding of this master thesis is that Russian state-controlled media communicated Russia’s 2018 pension reform through a pattern of media frames aimed to explain the reform as the only...Show moreThe main finding of this master thesis is that Russian state-controlled media communicated Russia’s 2018 pension reform through a pattern of media frames aimed to explain the reform as the only reasonable solution to a problem. This thesis has used three framing analysis theories that highlight from different perspectives how the 2018 pension reform was framed on Perviy Kanal, the largest Russian news channel. The first chapter of this thesis is a literature review of (media) framing research. Framing research is a popular and multifaceted topic in the field of (political) communication. A preliminary concept of framing could refer to how media uses selection and salience to influence human consciousness and shape public opinion (Entman, 1993, 2004). The second chapter elaborates on the contemporary mass media environment in Russia and specifically focusses on framing in Russian mass media. The last chapter discusses the results of this thesis’ empirical research based on the concept of media framing and against the background of earlier research about how mass media is employed in Russia. The primary research discusses Russian news broadcasting reports that cover topics on, or related to, the pension reform in Russia from 14 June 2018 until 14 January 2019.Show less
The potential of female love to transform and redeem immoral male behaviour is a theme that can be seen in three novels: Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847), Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847)...Show moreThe potential of female love to transform and redeem immoral male behaviour is a theme that can be seen in three novels: Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847), Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847), and Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848). This thesis will examine to what extent these novels perpetuate the romanticised ideal of women as the moral and spiritual saviours of men. Through their portrayal of abusive, oppressive or otherwise problematic relationships, the Brontës explore how much influence a woman truly holds over a man’s behaviour. In doing so they navigate different perspectives on whether this ideal makes women submissive or empowered. Rather than subverting the idea of female moral authority, I argue that Jane Eyre and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall reshape the idea to include the possibility for female agency and independence instead of self-sacrifice, whereas Wuthering Heights rejects the concept of moral authority as gendered.Show less
There are a number of Cushitic languages that have a gender system that includes a gender known as ‘plural gender’. The existence of ‘plural’ gender is a peculiar feature in these languages and for...Show moreThere are a number of Cushitic languages that have a gender system that includes a gender known as ‘plural gender’. The existence of ‘plural’ gender is a peculiar feature in these languages and for that reason this thesis aims to find out how this gender developed. This thesis analyzes three languages in each of two branches of East-Cushitic languages. For each of the two branches this thesis examines at least one language with plural gender and one without.Show less
Saudi Arabia’s actions in Yemen have been largely neglected in the growing body of International Relations literature concerning regionalisation and power classification. Using an adaptation of...Show moreSaudi Arabia’s actions in Yemen have been largely neglected in the growing body of International Relations literature concerning regionalisation and power classification. Using an adaptation of Daniel Flemes’ conceptualisation of regional power, this thesis analyses Saudi leadership in the first four and a half years of the Yemen Civil War (March 2015 – August 2019). The case study was performed using an overarching causal-process tracing approach. Three variables that are fundamental for Saudi regional leadership in Yemen have been distinguished; claim to leadership, material methods of self-assertion and acceptance of leadership. As these variables are different in nature, they have been analysed using different methodologies. The findings of these analyses suggest that it is easy to ascribe a regional leading role to Saudi Arabia, as its claim to leadership and growing regional assertiveness are evident, but that real leadership over countries in the region is missing. Ultimately, this thesis illustrates that case study research is essential in the process of classifying a country as ‘regional power’.Show less
This thesis is about the study of the impact of responses from (civil) society, the economic market and the national political sphere on the success of cross-border joint ventures in China. Through...Show moreThis thesis is about the study of the impact of responses from (civil) society, the economic market and the national political sphere on the success of cross-border joint ventures in China. Through this study, it will be established that responses from the aforementioned sectors do indeed impact the realization of cross-border joint ventures in China. The origin and role of these responses in facilitating international corporate interaction will also be assessed. Because of the lack of research on cross-border Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) in China, literature has been selected from a variety of perspectives and disciplines. The societal responses have been grouped in three different foci through which the research has been done: (1) external risks inherent to joint ventures and M&A in general, that in the context of the Chinese market are extra compromising; (2) the controlling practices and narrative of the economic nationalist agenda of the Chinese government; (3) (media) discourses and practices that code the consumption of foreign products and/or services through the lens of consumer nationalism. Leading from these foci and the establishment of the existence of an impact, the research question has been tackled from different angles through e.g. case studies, sub-questions and a counterargument. The intended purpose of this enquiry is to contribute to an underdeveloped research field and also aid practitioners’ understanding of Chinese M&A so they can better anticipate and design their cross-border joint ventures in China.Show less
This thesis explores the insights that the contemporary practice of neuro art can add to knowledge that is held over the construction of consciousness. This is done through considerations of the...Show moreThis thesis explores the insights that the contemporary practice of neuro art can add to knowledge that is held over the construction of consciousness. This is done through considerations of the work of Annie Cattrell and Helen Chadwick. In order to identify the added value of art, first an analysis is made of the current neuroscientific stance and its influence in society. Secondly, the thesis minutely demarcates the limits of the neuroscientific method. Here it is laid bare why its objective nature is inherently inadequate for a full understanding of consciousness, that is subjective per definition. The third chapter offers a concise introduction to neuro art. In the subsequent two chapters, the confrontation with the two artworks takes place. Through a reflection on how the artists employ their artistic means to conduct their research on the subject, insights on the construction of consciousness are deduced. The thesis is ended with a reflection on the position of art regarding science is present-day society. Art that engages itself with science enriches the ideas about the construction of consciousness.Show less
Artemisia Gentileschi's "Judith en Holofernes" (1620) is eerder onderzocht vanuit historisch, kunsthistorisch en psychologisch oogpunt. Het schilderij valt binnen de stijl van de Caravaggisten....Show moreArtemisia Gentileschi's "Judith en Holofernes" (1620) is eerder onderzocht vanuit historisch, kunsthistorisch en psychologisch oogpunt. Het schilderij valt binnen de stijl van de Caravaggisten. Geweldadige, bloederige onderwerpen zoals "Judith en Holofernes" waren bij deze schilders zeer geliefd. Als we kijken naar de visuele strategieën die door Gentileschi en haar collega's werden toegepast, zien we een opvallende gelijkenis met filmtechnieken in hedendaagse horrorfilms. Om dit te illustreren wordt het schilderij vergeleken met een shot van een onthoofding in de film "Sweeney Todd" (2007). In horrorfilms worden cinematografische technieken gecombineerd met mise-en-scene om emotionele reacties bij de kijker op te roepen. Veel van deze visuele strategieën lijken ook al in de zeventiende eeuw te zijn toegepast, wat te zien is aan de kleding van de figuren in het werk en aan het gebruik van clair-obscur om spanning en dramatiek te creëren. De observatie van overeenkomsten tussen de wijze waarop horrorfilms en zeventiende-eeuwse schilders emoties proberen op te wekken bij de toeschouwer voegt een extra dimensie toe aan het onderzoek aangaande de voorkeur van zeventiende-eeuwse schilders voor 'bloederige' onderwerpen.Show less
This thesis attempts to explore why the Native American community, Standing Rock Sioux community, has been denied its right to partake in the decision-making process surrounding the construction of...Show moreThis thesis attempts to explore why the Native American community, Standing Rock Sioux community, has been denied its right to partake in the decision-making process surrounding the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline. This specific project resulted in various confrontations between the tribe, the extractive industry and public and private investors. One of the main reasons behind these protests was that the tribe wanted to protect Lake Oahe and the Mississippi River from any potential oil spills. As such, this thesis analyses the resistance movements and the social media activism that ensued through Facebook and internet-memes that were used to protest against the Dakota Access Pipeline. This thesis argues that social media activism empowered the protestors to raise awareness about the negative impact that the pipeline’s construction would have on the environment. It additionally critically analyses the concepts of civic environmentalism, Free, Prior to Informed Consent (FPIC) and social media activism.Show less
Research master thesis | Arts and Culture (research) (MA)
open access
This thesis offers an iconographic analysis of the architectural language with which the round church in the Ideal City of Urbino (unknown artist, c. 1480-1495) is depicted. With new insights on...Show moreThis thesis offers an iconographic analysis of the architectural language with which the round church in the Ideal City of Urbino (unknown artist, c. 1480-1495) is depicted. With new insights on the artist's most likely architectural as well as theological sources of inspiration for the round church's building structure and stylistic language, this research contributes to filling a gap in the vast literature on this Renaissance painting.Show less
This thesis aims to answer the question of why the Indonesian state has increasingly securitized LGBT people in Indonesia from 2000 to 2016, by focusing on two factors: public homophobia and state...Show moreThis thesis aims to answer the question of why the Indonesian state has increasingly securitized LGBT people in Indonesia from 2000 to 2016, by focusing on two factors: public homophobia and state homophobia. Data on public attitudes toward the LGBT community in Indonesia will be drawn from various surveys conducted after 2000s. These surveys measure attitudes on existing heteronormative ideals in Indonesian society and capture the conservative turn starting from 1998 during the post-democratic transition period. The increasing threat of homosexuality as propagated by the Indonesian state will be historically and systematically analyzed through a number of statements made by political elites. Strong evidence is found on public and state homophobia increasing in Indonesia and this materializing politically and legally.Show less
