Since the rise of Black Lives Matter and Rhodes Must Fall, both had the same goal: putting an end to racism and white supremacy. Although it would be logical that both movements follow a similar...Show moreSince the rise of Black Lives Matter and Rhodes Must Fall, both had the same goal: putting an end to racism and white supremacy. Although it would be logical that both movements follow a similar path, Black Lives Matter seems to be more popular and Rhodes Must Fall protests seem to be more violent. This research is about analyzing the differences in success between the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States and the Rhodes must Fall movement from South Africa. Success can be measured in a way of looking at accomplishments, but this literature study will compare successes in mobilization strategies. Grievances from institutionalized racism created comparable grievances in The United States and South Africa. Other factors that will be analyzed in this study are resource mobilization, mobilization strategies, networking strategies and media representation. This research will argue that the Black Lives Matter movement adapted better mobilization strategies overall.Show less
Background: Prior research drawing on evolutionary psychology has shown a link between women’s fertility and sexual market value, suggesting a lower sexual market value for women past their prime...Show moreBackground: Prior research drawing on evolutionary psychology has shown a link between women’s fertility and sexual market value, suggesting a lower sexual market value for women past their prime reproductive ages. In relation to this, I investigated changes in women’s dating strategy as a function of age. I predicted women past their prime reproductive age to be less choosy as reflected in partner choice, sexual behavior and demands placed on a potential partner in terms of age. Methods: I used data from 323 heterosexual, female participants (aged 18-44) of an online dating paradigm. Participants were matched with a partner based on similarity on either task performance or questionnaire responses, after which they could contact their match for an (online-) date. Two follow-ups investigated how suitable they found their partner. Results: No direct relationship between women’s age and choosiness in terms of partner choice was found. However, women’s age positively predicted more unrestricted sexual behaviour, possibly reflecting lowered choosiness. The change in women’s demands placed on a partner in terms of age could not be investigated due to methodological restrictions. Conclusion: This thesis is not conclusive about age-related changes in female choosiness in terms of partner choice. However, exploratory findings are promising, suggesting lower sexual restrictiveness in older women. Further research is needed to clarify the reasons behind this finding. Further, future research needs to allow for natural age assortment in order to test changes in women’s demands in terms of age difference.Show less
This study shows the effects of unrecognised racism and the ‘unknown’ on identity formations of female Chinese adoptees in the Netherlands through 13 in-depth semistructured interviews. It...Show moreThis study shows the effects of unrecognised racism and the ‘unknown’ on identity formations of female Chinese adoptees in the Netherlands through 13 in-depth semistructured interviews. It contributes to existing literature on adoption, revealing limitation of the usage of Homi Bhabha’s Third Space in adoption literature. A struggle between the superego and the abject hinders identity formation. This research shows how a conflicting attraction and retraction of the unknown, the abject, shapes the search for identity. At the same time this thesis exposes a gap in migration literature. The adoptee, an unusual migrant, is underrepresented in political science literature. This study offers a corrective by introducing post-colonial theory and psycho-analysis to the question of the (unusual) migrant. Three recurring themes among the data were: (i) external identification schemes that cause internal social-psychological struggles; (ii) a conflicting attraction and retraction towards a ‘lost’ identity; (iii) the consequences of a lack of knowing.Show less
Placebo effects are the beneficial effects due to the treatment context and occur with inert treatments and as part of specific treatments. To benefit from these effects in clinical practice in an...Show morePlacebo effects are the beneficial effects due to the treatment context and occur with inert treatments and as part of specific treatments. To benefit from these effects in clinical practice in an ethical and successful way, guidelines for placebo use are needed. Developing such guidelines requires insight in and consideration of the attitudes of patients and the general public toward placebo use, as this enhances guideline quality and implementability. Therefore, this cross-sectional survey study investigated the acceptability and perceived efficacy of placebo treatments as well as knowledge of placebo effects in a healthy lay sample (N = 58). The following results were obtained: First, perceived efficacy predicted the general acceptability of placebo treatments to a large extent (β = .57, p < .001, R 2 = .33). Second, whereas the perceived efficacy of closed-label placebo’s was higher than that of open-label placebo’s (Cohen’s d = 1.22, p < .001), their acceptability was lower (Cohen’s d = -0.35, p = .010). Third, knowledge of placebo effects was related to the general acceptability of placebo treatments (r = .35, p = .008) and this relationship was mediated by perceived efficacy (ab = 0.34, 95% CI [0.06,0.75]). In conclusion, healthy lay people viewed placebo treatments as more acceptable if they perceived them to be more effective and if the physician was open about placebo use. Moreover, people with more knowledge about placebo effects found placebo treatments more acceptable, and this was partly due to the fact that they perceived them to be more effective.Show less
A placebo treatment and counterconditioning treatment are increasingly common in clinical setting. The choice for a placebo treatment or counterconditioning treatment may make a treatment with an...Show moreA placebo treatment and counterconditioning treatment are increasingly common in clinical setting. The choice for a placebo treatment or counterconditioning treatment may make a treatment with an active agent unnecessary, which may lead to beneficial outcomes for the condition of the patient because of the decrease in sideeffects. Nonetheless, there are a lot of ethical issues against the use of placebo treatment and counterconditioning treatment (e.g., endangers the patient’s autonomy, damages the trust of the patient in clinician and in the health care system). In previous research it seemed that there was a difference in the acceptability between different symptom groups. In this study this was further investigated by looking at the acceptability of placebo treatment and counterconditioning treatment in three different symptom groups: psychological symptoms, acute pain symptoms and chronic pain symptoms. In this study, fifty-eight healthy respondents between the age of 18 and 74 filled in a survey about the acceptability of placebo treatment and counterconditioning treatment. It was found that overall, there seemed to be less acceptability of placebo treatment towards acute pain symptoms in comparison to chronic pain symptoms (p = .025) and psychological symptoms (p = .003). It was also found that there seemed to be more acceptability of counterconditioning treatment towards psychological symptoms in comparison to acute pain symptoms (p < .001) and chronic pain symptoms (p = .053). Future research should focus on the acceptability of placebo treatment and counterconditioning treatment in diseased people.Show less
Placebo-toepassingen in de pediatrie zijn schaars onderzocht en de kijk daarop vanuit zorgverleners is een belangrijke invalshoek. In deze studie is onderzocht welke kenmerken van placebo...Show morePlacebo-toepassingen in de pediatrie zijn schaars onderzocht en de kijk daarop vanuit zorgverleners is een belangrijke invalshoek. In deze studie is onderzocht welke kenmerken van placebo-toepassingen (behandelversterkend/behandelvervangend), het ziektebeeld (acuut/chronisch, oncologisch/cardiologisch/migraine), het kind (leeftijd en sekse) en de zorgverlener (kennis en gebruik van placebo-toepassingen) samenhangen met de acceptatie door drie typen zorgverleners (artsen/verpleegkundigen/medisch psychologen) van placebo toepassingen in de medische pediatrische zorg. Een online vragenlijst is afgenomen onder 62 pediatrisch zorgverleners. De placebo-kennis van de zorgverleners was groot (M = 6.31; SD = 0.71), met een hogere kennis bij artsen dan verpleegkundigen (p = .04). De typen zorgverleners verschilden niet (p-waarden ≥ .07) in hun gemiddeld hoge acceptabiliteit (M = 8.23; SD = 1.09) en gebruik (M = 7.42; SD = 1.77) van behandelversterkende placebo toepassingen. Bij een relatief laag gemiddeld gebruik van behandelvervangende placebo toepassingen (M =2.23; SD = 2.63) gebruikten psychologen dit meer dan artsen (p = .04). Voor geen van de zorgverleners hing placebo-kennis en gebruik van placebo-toepassingen samen met acceptabiliteit (p-waarden ≥ .11). Behandelversterkende placebo-toepassingen werden voor alle ziekte- en kindkenmerken acceptabeler gevonden dan behandelvervangende placebo-toepassingen (p-waardes < .001). Placebo-toepassingen werden als acceptabeler gezien voor chronische versus acute patiënten (p < .001), migraine versus oncologische/cardiologische aandoening (p < .001) en meisjes versus jongens (p = .01). Concluderend laten deze voorlopige data in een kleine steekproef zorgverleners zien dat het type placebo-toepassing en ziekte- en kindkenmerken een verschil kunnen maken in acceptabiliteit. In vervolgonderzoek zou de redenatie van de zorgverleners achter dit verschil in acceptabiliteit kunnen worden onderzocht.Show less
More and more people get into debt every year. However, they rarely receive the freely offered services to help them out of debt. Previous research suggests that a person’s high need for autonomy...Show moreMore and more people get into debt every year. However, they rarely receive the freely offered services to help them out of debt. Previous research suggests that a person’s high need for autonomy can be seen as an obstacle to accept help. Hence, this study examines the effect of explicit and implicit need for autonomy on the willingness to accept help when in debt. Participants were asked to fill out an explicit (Index of Autonomous Functioning) and an implicit (Picture Story Exercise) measure for autonomy. Afterwards, a hypothetical scenario in which participants’ likeliness to accept free debt advice was administered. Results suggest that explicitly measured need for autonomy is non-significantly, positively correlated with the willingness to accept the offered help. Contrary, the implicit measure showed a non significant, negative correlation with the help-acceptance of the participants. The discussion revealed that the definition of the need for autonomy differs between the measures, which might influence the discrepancy in results. Additionally, as the form of help was autonomy oriented in the current research, there are strong arguments for a greater influence of need for autonomy on dependency-oriented types of help.Show less
Het is een terugkerende discussie of de winter- of zomertijd wel of niet afgeschaft moet worden. Uit onderzoek blijkt dat mensen lichamelijke, psychische en cognitieve problemen ervaren na het...Show moreHet is een terugkerende discussie of de winter- of zomertijd wel of niet afgeschaft moet worden. Uit onderzoek blijkt dat mensen lichamelijke, psychische en cognitieve problemen ervaren na het verzetten van de klok. Om een beter beeld te krijgen van welke factoren invloed hebben op de mate van last die mensen hebben gaat dit onderzoek in op de rol van persoonlijkheid. Er is specifiek gekeken of mensen die relatief lager scoren op de eigenschap ‘nauwgezetheid’ meer last hebben van de transitie van winter- naar zomertijd dan mensen die relatief hoger scoren op de eigenschap ‘nauwgezetheid’. 33 participanten hebben een week voor het verzetten van de klok tot en met een week erna hun tijden van opstaan en van naar bed gaan bijgehouden. Daarnaast hebben ze eenmalig de subschaal voor het meten van de karaktereigenschap ‘nauwgezetheid’ van de Big Five Inventory ingevuld. Vervolgens werd aan de hand van de ingevulde tijden berekend na hoeveel dagen de participanten na het verzetten van de klok weer terug waren in hun normale ritme. Het aantal dagen werd vergeleken met de BFI scores door middel van een regressieanalyse. De resultaten waren niet significant. Desondanks waren er wel lichte trends te zien die in overeenstemming waren met de hypothese dat chaotische mensen meer moeite hebben met aanpassen aan de zomertijd dan ordelijke mensen. Dit aspect van persoonlijkheid speelt hier dus mogelijk een rol, maar meer onderzoek is nodig om dit te bevestigen.Show less
People are less likely to show prosocial behavior upon being ostracized, unless bystanders are present and they have the opportunity to find social (re)inclusion. The current study tests if these...Show morePeople are less likely to show prosocial behavior upon being ostracized, unless bystanders are present and they have the opportunity to find social (re)inclusion. The current study tests if these assertions are also true for a specific type of prosocial behavior: green consumption. Based on former research we expected 1) ostracism and 2) the social identity of bystanders (pro- or anti-environmental) to influence green consumption. Furthermore, we expected an interaction effect between the two variables. After participation in a Cyberball experiment that induced ostracism, participants were to shop for three products – all in green and conventional form – in a simulated store. No effect of ostracism and bystander’s social identity on green consumption was found. Nor did an interaction effect occur.Show less
One of the many obstacles in creating a healthy work environment is to reduce the amount of sedentary time across the day. One intervention that is becoming increasingly more common is the use of a...Show moreOne of the many obstacles in creating a healthy work environment is to reduce the amount of sedentary time across the day. One intervention that is becoming increasingly more common is the use of a flexible desk, which allows employees to stand up during work without affecting their performance. In this study, we investigated the relationship between posture, arousal, and subjective work experience. Our study follows a within-subject design where participants completed both a flexible (alternating sections of 15-minutes sitting and 15-minutes standing) and a sitting condition (continuous sitting session) across two 2-hour test sessions. A cardiac measure was used to test a predicted physiological proxy of arousal in combination with selfreported arousal. From these measurements we tested whether they mediate the effects of posture on effort, tiredness and task engagement. Our results show that the physiological measure of heart rate variability was not a good proxy of arousal, as it did not mediate the effects of posture on self-reported arousal. Using mediation analyses we were able to show that posture leads to a reduction in effort and tiredness, fully mediated by self-reported arousal. No reliable association between posture and task engagement was found. These results show that using a flexible desk can aid in creating a healthy work environment, even on a short-term basis. Future research can expand on our study by investigating the link between posture and fatigue across multiple task conditions with diverse socio-demographic groups.Show less
In recent times, many researchers have introduced research methods to help increase transparency in quantitative social science. One of the introduced research methods is performing a multiverse...Show moreIn recent times, many researchers have introduced research methods to help increase transparency in quantitative social science. One of the introduced research methods is performing a multiverse analysis, which consists of exploring different pathways in data processing with the same statistical method. By doing this, the robustness of statistical results against data processing choices can be checked. In this essay, a multiverse analysis will be performed to test the robustness of statistical results for two hypotheses from a study measuring feelings of disgust towards male homosexuality. The goal of the performed multiverse analysis is to find out how it can provide more insight into an existing dataset. In the original study, the statistical results for both hypotheses were found to be significant, performing a reproduction of statistical results only shows one out of two to be significant. Furthermore, the majority of statistical results found while following alternative pathways turn out to be non-significant. Conclusively, the presented statistical results could be considered not robust against alternative data processing choices. The new insights provided by the performed multiverse analysis could help make a case for multiverse analyses becoming the norm for researchers.Show less
