The discourse surrounding sex work in Amsterdam has evolved, reflecting shifting approaches by municipal authorities and stakeholders. Currently, a proposal for an "erotic center" seeks to relocate...Show moreThe discourse surrounding sex work in Amsterdam has evolved, reflecting shifting approaches by municipal authorities and stakeholders. Currently, a proposal for an "erotic center" seeks to relocate sex work from the Wallen district to address issues of over-tourism and congestion. However, this proposition has ignited controversy, as sex workers voice concerns about safety, social networks, and potential workspace loss. Researchers and activists advocate for recognizing sex work as tangible heritage to preserve its history and narratives. Despite initiatives of activists and advocates to document and safeguard the sector's history through the website www.sekswerkerfgoed.nl and the Prostitution Information Center, academic exploration of sex workers' experiences and sex work heritage in the Netherlands remains limited. Narratives from sex workers of color, migrant sex workers, and marginalized voices are often overlooked. Media portrayals often perpetuate stigmatization and negative stereotypes about sex work. The life stories of Nicolina Sant and Aaïcha Bergamin, two sex workers from the 20th century, offer valuable insights into Dutch sex work. Their narratives encompass diverse perspectives, encompassing ethnic backgrounds, cultural nuances, gender, and sexuality. Incorporating these stories enriches historical research on sex work, fostering a deeper comprehension of the industry and its intersections with urban life. Using the concept of urban citizenship, which emphasizes self-identity and recognition, challenges conventional notions tied to nationhood. Sex workers' claims to citizenship impact urban planning and city politics, influencing the socio-spatial fabric of the city, and reorienting research on sex workers to focus on agency rather than victimhood. Analyzing the stories of Aaïcha and Nicolina through this lens reflects on the idea of sex work as heritage while supplying an intersectional perspective to sex work history in the Netherlands.Show less
Dit onderzoek legt zich toe op het analyseren en verklaren van de invloed van maatschappelijke organisaties in de discussie omtrent de toelating van repatrianten en spijtoptanten uit Indonesië in...Show moreDit onderzoek legt zich toe op het analyseren en verklaren van de invloed van maatschappelijke organisaties in de discussie omtrent de toelating van repatrianten en spijtoptanten uit Indonesië in Nederland. Door te kijken naar een grote hoeveelheid archiefmateriaal (vergadernotulen, briefpost, nota's, moties, periodieke uitgaves) van een viertal zeer diverse organisaties kan bepaald worden welke tactieken een significante rol speelden in het uitoefenen van invloed op de Nederlandse overheid. Deze scriptie bouwt daarmee voort op Vosters' onderzoek naar de invloed van NGO's. Dit onderzoek toont aan dat in eerste instantie organisaties met een directe lijn tot de overheid meer invloed konden uitoefenen dan organisaties die een outsider status hadden en zich in een formeel isolement bevonden. Deze insider organisaties beriepen zich hierbij vaak op hun expertise over het onderwerp en hun logistieke autoriteit, waardoor de overheid taken naar hen overhevelde en er een wederzijdse afhankelijke relatie ontstond. Outsider organisaties konden echter extremere eisen stellen, waarbij ze ook meer gegenderde emotionele en morele claims maakten. Hoewel de overheid hier niet responsief voor was, namen de insider organisaties deze eisen en tactieken over tijd over, waardoor outsider organisaties indirect toch nog hun invloed deden gelden. Dit problematiseert de strikte scheidslijn tussen insider en outsider en laat zien dat organisaties met extremere eisen zonder formele toegang tot de overheid toch zeer invloedrijk kunnen zijn.Show less
This thesis centres on the Annotatiën op de Surinaamsche Beschrijvinge van Ao. 1718 (Annotations of the Description of Suriname Ao. 1718), a redrafted monograph written between 1765-1772 by Jan...Show moreThis thesis centres on the Annotatiën op de Surinaamsche Beschrijvinge van Ao. 1718 (Annotations of the Description of Suriname Ao. 1718), a redrafted monograph written between 1765-1772 by Jan Nepveu, governor-general of the Dutch slave colony of Suriname between (acting) 1756-57 and 1768-79. Interrogating the epistemic foundations of the Eurocentric colonial metaphysical categories of the human and animal, the study combines techniques from historical discourse analysis with theory from Zakiyyah Iman Jackson’s Becoming Human: Matter and Meaning in an Antiblack World, a work that challenges the human/animal binary by reframing the black(ened) human as an entangled and integral component of modern (human) being. As examples illustrative of Dutch racism past and present, Nepveu’s representations of whiteness, blackness and animality – types of being demonstrated to be constitutive of the Enlightenment liberal universal concept of humanity – are situated in the larger context of (European-led) transatlantic slavery, conquest and colonialism. Arguing against the dominant scholarly trend that frames antiblack ideology in terms of acceptance/exclusion from the category of the human and the legal, political and social rights it entails, the category of the universal liberal human itself and the historical context from which it emerged is shown to have established and sustained race and the intertwined abjectification of the non-human.Show less
In deze scriptie wordt onderzocht waarom Nederlandse kinderen na de Tweede Wereldoorlog naar het buitenland werden uitgezonden en buitenlandse kinderen gelijktijdig in Nederland werden...Show moreIn deze scriptie wordt onderzocht waarom Nederlandse kinderen na de Tweede Wereldoorlog naar het buitenland werden uitgezonden en buitenlandse kinderen gelijktijdig in Nederland werden ondergebracht. In deze scriptie worden motieven voor de organisatie in kaart gebracht, wordt de uitzending vergeleken met andere kinderuitzendingen en wordt vanuit een governance perspectief bekeken welke actoren betrokken waren bij de vorming en uitvoering van beleid en wat hun invloed was op keuzes voor opvang, transport, verlengd verblijf, terugkeer, opvoeding en onderwijs op de plaats van opvang. Uit dit onderzoek blijkt dat het laten aansterken van de kinderen bij deze en andere kinderuitzendingen de aanleiding vormde voor de organisatie hiervan. Ook de mogelijkheid tot (her)opvoeden van de kinderen bleek een rol te spelen. Doordat veel organisaties betrokken waren bij de kinderuitzending ontstonden onderlinge concurrentie en tegengestelde belangen op nationaal en internationaal niveau.Show less
By focussing on the persona of Henk Molleman, this thesis is to breaks down the Dutch Minorities Policy and presents a new understanding of how and why it came about. The focus is on the ideology –...Show moreBy focussing on the persona of Henk Molleman, this thesis is to breaks down the Dutch Minorities Policy and presents a new understanding of how and why it came about. The focus is on the ideology – defined by the process in which relevant ideas and practices are inherited and modified – of one of the policy's main inventors. In the attempt to build and reflect on existing literature and typologies, the guiding research question is the following: why did the Minorities Policy contain both universalist and multiculturalist traits, and how, if at all, did it strike a balance between them?Show less
This thesis explores one of the major lacunae in migration history: what happened to the descendants of the hundreds of thousands of immigrants who migrated to the Dutch Republic in the early...Show moreThis thesis explores one of the major lacunae in migration history: what happened to the descendants of the hundreds of thousands of immigrants who migrated to the Dutch Republic in the early modern period? Immigrants constituted a large segment of the urban population: in Amsterdam around 1650 circa forty percent of the resident population was born abroad. Thousands of these immigrants got married in Amsterdam and had children. The lives of these children, but also of the (great)grandchildren, had not been studied until now. Profiting from recent advancements in the digitisation and indexation of the parish registers and the notarial archives of Amsterdam, this thesis analyses the processes of integration, assimilation and social mobility of nine families with a Norwegian or Danish migration background between 1660 and 1811. What was their process of integration like, and to what extent did they experience social mobility?Show less
The analysis of the trends for industrial concentration, GDP growth per capita, and income inequality – based on data from IPUMS International, Maddison Project, Clio-Infra, and World Bank Open...Show moreThe analysis of the trends for industrial concentration, GDP growth per capita, and income inequality – based on data from IPUMS International, Maddison Project, Clio-Infra, and World Bank Open Data – in the context of the US, Canada and other selected countries from Europe, South America, and East Asia, has led to the following results: a) after a comparison between the Krugman Index values and the GINI coefficients for the historical series of US, UK, and Spain, I argue in the first place, that the 1970-2000 series for the group of East-Asian countries subject to the research is coherent with the presence of “displaced” Kuznets’ waves – where the latter is a theoretical tool (introduced by Milanovic) that revises the original Kuznets’ hypothesis by shifting the focus from the long-run to more limited period of times. Secondly, for the group of South American countries analysed, I confirm the results of Deinenger and Squire on the unidirectionality of the trends for economic growth and income inequality between the 1960s and the 2000s. Namely, that both trends are raising, instead of diverging at a certain point, as it would have been expected, according to the original Kuznets’ hypothesis. Nevertheless, the inversion of the income inequality levels for Brazil, and the extreme oscillatory nature of the trends for Argentina, seem to prospect a potential displacement of a Kuznets’s wave for the two countries in a subsequent period. Limitations in the available datasets for the years after 2000s hindered, though, a consistent verification of this hypothesis. b) I argue on the one hand, that, for the Western countries analysed, the series for industrial concentration and income inequality between 1860 and 1970 are fully compatible with a Kuznets’ wave. On the other, that the series after the 1970s are instead in contrast with Milanovic’s thesis of a second Kuznets’ wave starting during these years. Nevertheless, the value for industrial concentration that I found for the US in 2015 can have some relationship with the rising income inequality levels analysed by Milanovic. Further research should be 75 devoted to the analysis of this issue when the census datasets for the 2020s decade will be made available. c) I argue that a further theoretical insight, derived from my analysis, can be considered as a corollary of Krugman’s theory on industrial specialisation dynamics. Namely, that being equal the transportation costs and the level of technology/productivity, lighter economic shocks trigger increasing levels of industrial concentration, whereas highly disruptive shocks for the industrial tissue, such as wars and structural economic crises, produce instead decreasing levels of industrial concentration. Further research is necessary, though, in order to corroborate this theory.Show less
This thesis discusses the humorous interpretations of integration which figured in Dutch humorous television programmes between 1975 and 2010. It uncovers the importance and meanings ascribed to...Show moreThis thesis discusses the humorous interpretations of integration which figured in Dutch humorous television programmes between 1975 and 2010. It uncovers the importance and meanings ascribed to integration in Dutch society at large.Show less
In dit onderzoek is gekeken naar de vraag waarom er een verschil bestond tussen de doelen van het migratiebeleid en de praktische uitvoering hiervan in de periode vlak na de Eerste Wereldoorlog....Show moreIn dit onderzoek is gekeken naar de vraag waarom er een verschil bestond tussen de doelen van het migratiebeleid en de praktische uitvoering hiervan in de periode vlak na de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Deze vraag wordt gesteld in het kader van de "gap hypothesis", een hypothese die stelt dat er een groeiende kloof bestaat tussen de doelen en resultaten van nationaal migratiebeleid in hedendaagse liberale staten. Om meer te zeggen over deze kloof is in dit onderzoek gebruik gemaakt van vreemdelingendossiers van de Vreemdelingendienst met betrekking tot vreemdelingen in Nederland die een gevaar vormden voor de openbare orde, veiligheid, zedelijkheid en gezondheid. Uit de analyse van deze dossiers blijkt dat momenten van crisis, zoals de periode vlak na de Eerste Wereldoorlog, een impuls gaven aan de uitvoering van het migratiebeleid en een grote mate van consensus creëerden onder de actoren die verantwoordelijk waren voor de uitvoering van het beleid, waardoor de kloof tussen migratiebeleid en praktijk tijdelijk kromp. De kloof tussen het migratiebeleid en de praktijk hiervan is dan ook een dynamischer fenomeen dan de gap hypothesis suggereert. Crisismomenten zijn "windows of opportunity" waarbinnen ideeën die door een gebrek aan consensus vastzaten, alsnog gerealiseerd kunnen worden.Show less
