Previous studies on uncertainty have acknowledged the efficacy of job control as a way to cope and enhance job satisfaction, although the literature using intolerance of uncertainty remains...Show morePrevious studies on uncertainty have acknowledged the efficacy of job control as a way to cope and enhance job satisfaction, although the literature using intolerance of uncertainty remains relatively scarce. Our study aimed to address this gap by investigating the mediating role of job control in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and job satisfaction. The proposed hypotheses were that (i) there would be a statistically significant negative association between intolerance of uncertainty and job satisfaction and that (ii) the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and job satisfaction would be mediated by job control. The study was carried out on a sample of 109 adults, working in the Netherlands. Mediation analysis using PROCESS Procedure by Andrew Hayes was used. Contrary to expectations, hypotheses were not supported. A positive significant relationship was found between job control and job satisfaction. Results and implications of the study have been discussed.Show less
The present study aims to investigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty at workplace on employee’s intentions of turnover and the effect of perceived organizational support on...Show moreThe present study aims to investigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty at workplace on employee’s intentions of turnover and the effect of perceived organizational support on this relationship. The study hypothesizes that employees who are intolerant to uncertainty will report more intentions of turnover. Furthermore, it is also expected that perceived organizational support will moderate this relationship. The hypotheses were investigated on 137 working participants, age ranged from 18 to 64 years old, via online survey. Participants filled out demographics form, intolerance of uncertainty scale, perceived organizational support scale and turnover intention scale. Findings have found no significant support for both hypotheses. However, a significant, negative relationship between perceived organizational support and turnover intention has found, suggesting that when organizational support is perceived high, employees are less intended to turnover.Show less
Individuals often experience uncertainty about the productivity of Public Goods (PG), causing them to face the possibility that the PG is either high or low in productivity. This study examined the...Show moreIndividuals often experience uncertainty about the productivity of Public Goods (PG), causing them to face the possibility that the PG is either high or low in productivity. This study examined the impact of such productivity uncertainty on cooperation and investigated whether risk propensity moderated this relation. It also explored the effect on cooperation when the productivity is so low that contributing would imply a loss. Participants (N=120) played public good games which varied in levels of uncertainty. Findings revealed that risk seekers (high risk propensity) contribute more than risk avoiders (low risk propensity) in games with uncertainty without potential loss than in games without such uncertainty (baseline game). Furthermore, both risk seekers and risk avoiders contribute less to games with uncertainty with potential loss compared to the baseline game. The potential for loss strongly impacts cooperation decisions, and risk propensity predicts cooperation in situations of uncertainty without potential loss.Show less
The present study was an attempt to investigate whether passive, non-intervening bystander presence in a victimization situation containing sexual harassment at the workplace worsens a victim’s...Show moreThe present study was an attempt to investigate whether passive, non-intervening bystander presence in a victimization situation containing sexual harassment at the workplace worsens a victim’s mental health compared to actively intervening or no bystanders. By using a vignette study, 159 female participants completed a survey and were allocated to one of three conditions (passive bystanders, active bystanders, and no bystanders). Afterwards, all participants indicated their agreement to statements representing the four fundamental needs of belonging, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and control, self-, perpetrator, and bystander blame, work stress, and acceptance of sexual harassment myths. The results indicate that all four fundamental needs decreased, and bystander blame increased in victims experiencing the situation with passive compared to active or no bystanders. The study reveals important theoretical insights in bystander research combined with sexual harassment at the workplace and offers practical implications to avoid the negative impact of passive bystander presence during victimization in organisations.Show less
Literature on the impacts of financial scarcity on cognition has demonstrated its detrimental effects in many areas related to executive functions. However, a better understanding of how financial...Show moreLiterature on the impacts of financial scarcity on cognition has demonstrated its detrimental effects in many areas related to executive functions. However, a better understanding of how financial scarcity impacts cognitive persistence in an adult sample is needed. This study investigated whether perceiving oneself in a scarcity situation impacts persistence levels when engaging in a cognitive task. It was hypothesized that the activation of financial scarcity feelings through an experimental task negatively influenced persistence levels in participants who were placed in a scarcity condition. Additionally, it was expected this effect to be stronger for participants who experienced actual financial stress, than for those who currently face no similar concerns. To test these hypotheses, two hundred and one participants engaged in an online study where financial scarcity was activated through an experimental paradigm, namely, the Household task. Persistence levels were assessed with a measure of time and endurance, the Anagram-Riddles task. The findings did not confirm the hypotheses. Although that difference in persistence levels between the groups did not reach statistical significance, the results highlight the importance of assuming the impacts of financial scarcity not only from a deficit model where negative impacts are expected but also from a strengths-based model where adaptive responses serve proximal functions in the context where they take place.Show less
The anticommons dilemma is not a well known dilemma, but wellworth studying as it has a practical impact on individuals and society when it occurs. It occurs when multiple people co-own a resource...Show moreThe anticommons dilemma is not a well known dilemma, but wellworth studying as it has a practical impact on individuals and society when it occurs. It occurs when multiple people co-own a resource or property who have to grant each other permission in order to use or sell the resource. This study explores whether in an anticommons dilemma a participant’s feeling of ownership over a resource increases when he or she has to put effort into obtaining it. Half of the participants (Ntotal = 208) had to exert effort by doing an effort task in order to influence their Willingness To Accept (WTA) value, i.e. the amount of points they are willing to accept as payment in order to let the other co-owner use the resource. The participants also filled in a Psychological Ownership scale. Effort did not significantly influence psychological ownership, but psychological ownership did significantly influence WTA. There was no significant WTA difference between the (un)equal effort treatment conditions. The effects of effort are further analysed and discussed.Show less
This research builds on previous research by Horlings and Massaar (2020) and Luhulima and Bennema (2021). The aim of this study was to examine if there is a difference in how observers judge both...Show moreThis research builds on previous research by Horlings and Massaar (2020) and Luhulima and Bennema (2021). The aim of this study was to examine if there is a difference in how observers judge both the help provider and the help itself, depending on whether a motive to appear moral (morality) or a motive to appear social (sociability) was used. An experiment was conducted in which participants (N = 209) read a scenario about a group offering help based on the strategic motive to appear moral or social. Within this scenario it was manipulated whether the underlying motive for the help was in line with the actual traits of the help provider. The scenario was followed by a questionnaire. Results of this study showed that participants had a more positive attitude towards the help providers when they acted in line with their actual traits (reality congruence) compared to when they acted inconsistently with who they truly are (reality incongruence). Unexpectedly, no significant results were found that showed a difference in attitude towards the help provider depending on morality and sociability. Other results showed that help providers induced more negative attitudes when they behaved inconsistently with who they truly are, compared to when they behaved in line with their actual traits, because they were perceived as more hypocritical. Considering we were unable to find any significant results of the strategic use of warmth dimensions, more research on this topic is necessary. Suggestions for future research have been made.Show less
Privacy is a hotly debated topic. Many claim that their privacy is of great importance to them, yet at the same time people are prone to self-disclose a lot of information online. This privacy...Show morePrivacy is a hotly debated topic. Many claim that their privacy is of great importance to them, yet at the same time people are prone to self-disclose a lot of information online. This privacy paradox is at the centre of a lot of scholarly debate. By expanding on the horizontal/vertical privacy model by Quinn and Epstein (2018, July), this thesis aims to better understand the privacy paradox. Horizontal privacy pertains to sharing information in the peer domain. Vertical privacy pertains to sharing information in the government/corporation domain. Using a fictious social networking site, self-report measures were taken that predict behaviour. 165 (71 male; 94 female) Participants were led to believe that their data was breached and leaked either in the horizontal or vertical domain or not at all. It was hypothesized that data breaches, and the horizontal data breach in particular, would create negative experiences that would lead to discontinuing the fictitious SNS. The results of this thesis remain inconclusive. No significant differences between the horizontal, vertical data breaches and control condition were found. Although the data do not support the research hypotheses, the present study does give some insights in how to improve future research. What is more, it makes a case for the horizontal/vertical privacy model, since it nevertheless can be of use to both scholars and society.Show less
Loss aversion has been widely investigated as a factor influencing decision-making and conflict. I proposed that conflicts in groups are most likely to occur when maximizing ingroup benefit...Show moreLoss aversion has been widely investigated as a factor influencing decision-making and conflict. I proposed that conflicts in groups are most likely to occur when maximizing ingroup benefit involves harming the outgroup and both parties believe they would suffer losses if they did not compete, losses that loom larger than equivalent gains due to loss aversion. This study examined whether high levels of loss aversion are indeed a potential drive for intergroup conflict. Participants consisted of 126 individuals. The study operationalized the Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemma—Maximizing Difference (IPD-MD) game, which investigates the motivational processes that lead to intergroup conflict. There were two main hypotheses in the present study: first, even though people avoid benefiting the ingroup while deliberately harming the outgroup, I hypothesized that they will do so when it is more efficient for their group, and, second, that high scores in loss aversion will be associated with more investments in the between-group pool (intergroup conflict). The findings strongly supported my first hypothesis, as, indeed, participants decided to invest more in the between-group pool compared to the within-group pool when the former was more efficient. The results for the second hypothesis did not reach significance in our sample. Nonetheless, future research is encouraged with a larger sample size and with added moderators to the model, such as age.Show less
This research builds on previous research by Horlings and Massaar (2020) and Luhulima and Bennema (2021). The aim of this study was to examine if there is a difference in how observers judge both...Show moreThis research builds on previous research by Horlings and Massaar (2020) and Luhulima and Bennema (2021). The aim of this study was to examine if there is a difference in how observers judge both the help provider and the help itself, depending on whether a motive to appear moral (morality) or a motive to appear social (sociability) was used. An experiment was conducted in which participants (N = 209) read a scenario about a group offering help based on the strategic motive to appear moral or social. Within this scenario it was manipulated whether the underlying motive for the help was in line with the actual traits of the help provider. The scenario was followed by a questionnaire. Results of this study showed that participants had a more positive attitude towards the help providers when they acted in line with their actual traits (reality congruence) compared to when they acted inconsistently with who they truly are (reality incongruence). Unexpectedly, no significant results were found that showed a difference in attitude towards the help provider depending on morality and sociability. Other results showed that help providers induced more negative attitudes when they behaved inconsistently with who they truly are, compared to when they behaved in line with their actual traits, because they were perceived as more hypocritical. Considering we were unable to find any significant results of the strategic use of warmth dimensions, more research on this topic is necessary. Suggestions for future research have been made.Show less
Background: Distraction and emotions have been proven to affect eating behavior. Design: In this online study, 120 participants were randomly assigned to one of three distraction conditions whilst...Show moreBackground: Distraction and emotions have been proven to affect eating behavior. Design: In this online study, 120 participants were randomly assigned to one of three distraction conditions whilst eating lunch, after which a covert snacking period was implemented. Lastly, participants filled out a subset of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire on emotional eating. Research questions: With this experiment I investigated whether distracted eating increases subsequent consumption (H1), and whether emotional eating moderates that relationship (H2). Results: Distracted eating did not increase subsequent snacking, and the distraction conditions did not significantly differ from one another (H1). Emotional eating did not moderate this relationship (H2). Conclusion: Neither distracted eating or emotional eating (as a moderator) showed a significant impact on subsequent eating, and limitations concerning the design and sample of the study and alternative explanations are discussed.Show less
Previous research showed that a growth mindset, the belief that human skills and traits can be developed, is positively related to academic success. Other research shows a positive relation between...Show morePrevious research showed that a growth mindset, the belief that human skills and traits can be developed, is positively related to academic success. Other research shows a positive relation between a lifelong learning mindset, where someone is focused on learning opportunities, and career success. The current study investigated the relation between a growth mindset and subjective and objective career success. This would be useful for career success interventions. In addition, we expected that subjective and objective career success would be related. 96 graduates from the Master of Psychology of Leiden University filled in a survey. The results showed no relation between a growth mindset and subjective and objective career success. However, we found a small positive relationship between subjective and objective career success. Future research could investigate the relation between a growth mindset and career success, by taking career stages, learning from error, and the controllability belief into account.Show less
