In 1956, the Chinese government began to encourage people all over the country to speak Mandarin in accordance with government policy. This policy was regarded as an effective way to remove...Show moreIn 1956, the Chinese government began to encourage people all over the country to speak Mandarin in accordance with government policy. This policy was regarded as an effective way to remove linguistic barriers among the different provinces, but later it was found that it was also one of the most important reasons behind the vanishing of dialects. Shanghainese 上海话 (Shanghaihua), is the indigenous language in Shanghai. It developed rapidly in the first half of the last century and is regarded as a cultural symbol by the local people of Shanghai. It enjoyed a dominant position in the area until the implementation of the national language policy. After 2000, more and more local people in Shanghai have begun to speak Mandarin in daily life. This thesis aims to study political, social and cultural factors which have led to this kind of linguistic change. I will explore the social function of Shanghainese and give an analysis on why and how people speak specific languages in various social domains. After demonstrating that the social function of Shanghainese is at present rather limited, I will investigate the prevalence of the awareness that favors saving the language and promoting local culture in Shanghainese for the goal of retaining local uniqueness. The thesis will consist of five chapters. The first chapter will include the introduction of Shanghainese, the interdependent relationship amongst languages, society and people and the central question and research methods. The second chapter will be the literature review. Then, I will discuss about how the social context has impacted peoples’ attitudes to Shanghainese and Mandarin and explore incentives behind the switching of languages. Different public and private space, including schools, governmental institutions, media, work places, home and so on, will be analyzed respectively in the third chapter. In ‘Chapter Four’, I will sketch how people consider Shanghainese to be a key part of their cultural identity. The last chapter will be the conclusion of thesis.Show less
The thesis compares two non-canonical question types in Mandarin: Negative Wh-Constructions and causal/denial how-questions. The second chapter investigates their syntax. Based on a number of...Show moreThe thesis compares two non-canonical question types in Mandarin: Negative Wh-Constructions and causal/denial how-questions. The second chapter investigates their syntax. Based on a number of syntactic tests, they seem to share the same position in the Mandarin sentence. The third chapter aims to answer the question whether there are any differences between Negative Wh-Constructions and propositional negations. Negative Wh-Constructions prove to be metalinguistic negations, and as such, their use is limited by some conversational constraints. Also, as for the licensing of negative polarity items, they show a peculiar behavior. The fourth chapter looks at Mandarin 'how come' questions and the source of their causal and denial readings. Causality is explained in syntactic terms while for the denial reading, a semantic explanation is given based on modality. Mandarin data are compared to Hungarian ones.Show less
Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the suffixes –er and –zi as encountered in modern Mandarin. What it aims to explore are the semantic and grammatical aspects of these two suffixes...Show moreAbstract: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the suffixes –er and –zi as encountered in modern Mandarin. What it aims to explore are the semantic and grammatical aspects of these two suffixes. The analyses touch upon questions such as: (1) What kind of word classes can –er and –zi be suffixed to? (2) Do –er and –zi imply diminutive meaning? (3) Is there a difference in meaning when a word allows for both –er and –zi suffixation? These and other questions are investigated with the help of two dictionaries, namely Wei (2005) and Jia (1990), on the basis of which a database of words suffixed with –er and –zi will be created.Show less
