Research master thesis | Archaeology (research) (MA/MSc)
open access
During the Michelsberg period (4,400 to 3,500 cal BC), harvesting tools were rarely discovered at excavations in North-Western Europe, be it in Belgium, Southern Netherlands, Northern France, or...Show moreDuring the Michelsberg period (4,400 to 3,500 cal BC), harvesting tools were rarely discovered at excavations in North-Western Europe, be it in Belgium, Southern Netherlands, Northern France, or Northern Germany. But cereal consumption was widely practiced, as grains discovered in these settlements show. Several researchers have, over the last 50 years, highlighted this discrepancy of missing harvesting tools and presence of cereal grains. They have tried to explain that, during this 900-year Michelsberg period and over a surface of several hundred square kilometres, cereals had to be collected either with the help of bare hands or with tools made from other, organic materials. But so far none of such traces have been detected in excavations. The aim of this paper is to present, through experimental archaeology and the analysis of use-wear traces, that tools made from organic material such as shell, wood and bone could have been used to gather cereal plants. To achieve this aim, a large variety of experimental tools have been created and tested on different fields of typical cereal types of the Michelsberg period. These were Triticum monococcum or einkorn wheat, Triticum dicoccum or emmer wheat, Triticum aestivum or naked wheat, and Hordeum vulgare or barley. The result of these harvest experiments has been analysed quantitatively with regards to the achieved harvested surface, grain yield, and harvesting speed. The use-wear traces created by these different cereal plants during the harvest have also been studied. They are polish, striations, edge rounding and edge damages, which have been evaluated under different microscopes to reveal typical shapes these cereals leave on tools. The results of that harvesting experiment and use-wear analysis are presented in this thesis and could serve as reference to interpret archaeological material differently in the future.Show less
