Besides a probably important audible role the visual aspect of inscriptions shouldn’t be underestimated. In the Archaic Period the effect of visual text was explored and applied in different ways....Show moreBesides a probably important audible role the visual aspect of inscriptions shouldn’t be underestimated. In the Archaic Period the effect of visual text was explored and applied in different ways. In many cases the purpose was to be seen and maybe even more important than to be read. Public and semi-public showing off with writing is visible on dedications, law inscriptions and vases. Texts function to impress. By writing something down a certain statement is made. The importance (e.g. laws) and value of the object increase. Especially for pottery this has become art typical for the ancient Greeks.Show less
The contemporary view on the so-called secondary burials in the Early Iron Age (800 BC– 500 BC) is that it is a very common phenomenon that started in the Middle Bronze Age A. This custom has its...Show moreThe contemporary view on the so-called secondary burials in the Early Iron Age (800 BC– 500 BC) is that it is a very common phenomenon that started in the Middle Bronze Age A. This custom has its peak in the Early Iron Age. When looking at the facts this phenomenon appeared to be more nuanced than is assumed in the literature. It is a rare phenomenon, at which a distinction can be made between reuse of a contemporary barrow and re-use of an older barrow. Most secondary burials appeared to be placed in a contemporary barrow, but in the transition period from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age the re-use take place in an older, not contemporary barrow. It is argued that these different forms of re-use have a different meaning.Show less
This thesis deals with the question whether the contemporary archaeological treatment of Dutch Christian burials that date between the Christianization and the Reformation, suits the beliefs and...Show moreThis thesis deals with the question whether the contemporary archaeological treatment of Dutch Christian burials that date between the Christianization and the Reformation, suits the beliefs and practice of medieval Christians and present-day Roman Catholic beliefs. Furthermore, it was researched whether these beliefs could start to play a role in archaeological ethical practice, in case there would be any discrepancies between these beliefs and the named practice. A philosophical framework was applied in which it was argued that the interests of the dead should be taken into account in archaeological practice, because the treatment of human remains does have an effect on the deceased people to whom these remains belong. The methodology used consisted of a literature study on medieval beliefs surrounding death and burial, as well as a literature study on archaeological codes and guidelines that touch upon the treatment of human remains. Besides this part of the research, two archaeologists and one Roman Catholic priest were interviewed, resulting in qualitative data from the archaeological world and the Roman Catholic Church regarding practices and opinions on the matter. From a comparison of all of these data, it became clear that the contemporary archaeological practice is overall not directly in conflict with most medieval and contemporary Roman Catholic beliefs. However, there is room for improvement. Medieval Christian should be considered a separate stakeholder group with its own values. The interviewees from both the archaeological world and the Roman Catholic Church seem to be open for discussing the treatment of medieval human remains in archaeology. In this thesis, it has been argued that an informal approach in which the interests of medieval Christians, contemporary Christian denominations and the Dutch archaeological community play a role could result in an improved archaeological ethical practice.Show less
For this Master thesis the site Wijchen de Berendonck was analysed. The site is situated on the edge of a riverdune (donk) and near to the Wijchense Ven. The excavations took place from 1976 until...Show moreFor this Master thesis the site Wijchen de Berendonck was analysed. The site is situated on the edge of a riverdune (donk) and near to the Wijchense Ven. The excavations took place from 1976 until 1980. Because the site was excavated such a long time ago a lot of information which would be useful today is missing. There were for instance no intersection drawings available and many features were not described. This lack of information made it hard to analyse the site properly. The general subject of this thesis was the reconstruction of structures from the features and to date these structures by examining and dating the pottery from the features. The analysis of the features revealed twelve structures which consist of; five houses, five outbuildings, one larger outbuilding and one circular ditch. Due to the pottery found within the postholes it was possible to date these structures. In order to accomplish this the characterisations of the pottery were compared to other research and pottery typologies. The examination of the pottery revealed that all the structures date from the late bronze age (c. 1100-800 BC) and early iron age (c. 800-500 BC). The houses which were examined differ from other houses in the surrounding area for this time period. One of the houses is for example characterised by a three aisled house plan and a fixed distance between the central postholes. These kinds of structures are typical for the middle bronze age (c. 1800-1100 BC). Within the site only a few pottery sherds were found which could be dated to the middle bronze age (though 1,5% of the fragments). The pottery from the three aisled house and the corresponding rubbish pits only revealed late bronze age pottery. Maybe this house could be viewed as a ""transitional house"" from the large three aisled middle bronze age houses to the smaller two aisled late bronze age and early iron age houses. Also the two aisled late bronze age and early iron age houses were different from the houses usually found in this region and this time period. These house plans are bigger and three aisled, instead of two aisled. These results may indicate that the houses of Wijchen de Berendonck represent local building traditions. In the last chapter the site was compared to other sites on the riverdune, hereby focussing especially on the habitation variations through time and the relation with the landscape.Show less
This thesis aims to balance the lack of published data on flint finds from Dutch megalithic monuments, the hunebedden, that were built during the Middle Neolithic. Technological and typological...Show moreThis thesis aims to balance the lack of published data on flint finds from Dutch megalithic monuments, the hunebedden, that were built during the Middle Neolithic. Technological and typological aspects from hunebed D19, D26, G2 and G3 are described in detail, considering the entire flint assemblages, not only focussing on formal tools. Results from use wear analysis of a selection of objects from these sites are included. The representativity of these four sites is assessed by a small-scale literature survey describing the flint finds from eleven other megaliths although data other than a typological description is scarce. The results of the study of the archaeological material and the literature survey are contextualized by comparing it to several other contexts: other TRB-sites (flat graves, settlements, hoards), development of burial conventions into the Late Neolithic and a modest description of megalithic research in northern Europe. This research leads to the conclusion that the set of items that is included in a hunebed is fairly wide when compared to TRB flat graves as well as graves from later periods. Some items show traces of use from varying activities but most pieces seem to be deposited unused. Since the assemblages contain many flakes and numerous technological indicators for flint-working, flint-knapping probably took place at the megaliths. Some artefacts, like certain transverse arrowheads, were most likely not made for actual use but especially for deposition in the megalith. Polished flint axes form a separate category; they are heavily used and were in numerous cases carefully resharpened before deposition in the megalith.Show less
The chieftain’s grave of Oss, which was discovered and excavated in 1933, concerns a large Early Iron Age barrow, with the burial of a so called chief of Oss. The burial contained a rich set of...Show moreThe chieftain’s grave of Oss, which was discovered and excavated in 1933, concerns a large Early Iron Age barrow, with the burial of a so called chief of Oss. The burial contained a rich set of grave goods, of which several of them were imported from abroad. The most important of them: a bronze situlae, an iron Mindelheim sword and bronze horse bits. Early typological examination had shown that these objects were imported from the Central European Hallstatt culture. Despite the fact that the barrow and its grave goods were already published several times, the real meanings of the grave goods were actually never researched and published in great detail and larger context. This thesis discusses therefore specifically the Mindelheim sword from the chieftain’s grave of Oss. The main question of this thesis is: What was the ‘special’ purpose and meaning of the sword of the chieftain’s grave of Oss in relation to its Central European origins? The sword has a striking appearance. The iron blade is of a considerable length, has a distinct hat-shaped pommel and has gold leaf as decoration on its pommel and wooden grip. Adding to that, the sword was bent to fit in the situla. At first it was thought that the sword of Oss was a prestigious object with practical purposes as a sword for a horse riding warrior. This was thought because swords from the Mindelheim type are generally interpreted in this way. However, with the use of parallels from both regions, the Hallstatt area and the Lower Rhine area, and background information of the regional circumstances this thesis shows that it is more likely that the Mindelheim sword of Oss had a symbolic purpose. Its appearance (gold decoration etc.) already suggests that the sword must have been a valuable object, which exuded prestige and power. The (regional) context and its associations with other grave goods point also in the direction of a symbolic usage. The monumental size of the barrow, and usage of a specific set of imported grave goods as well implies the adoption of an elite ideology from the Hallstatt culture. The treatment of the sword seems to be an indigenous twist of the adopted elite ideology: the sword was bent not only to fit in the situla, but probably to be deposited in direct contact with the cremation remains. Several arguments thus imply the symbolic purpose of the sword. The chief of Oss might have wanted to send a message to the society he left behind. The sword is hereby one of the features from the chieftain’s grave of Oss that exudes the power and prestige of the man who was cremated and buried afterwards.Show less
Doel: Bestuderen of er verschillen zijn in de mate van beheersing van adaptieve vaardigheden tussen jeugdigen zonder probleemgedrag, en jeugdigen met internaliserend en/of externaliserend...Show moreDoel: Bestuderen of er verschillen zijn in de mate van beheersing van adaptieve vaardigheden tussen jeugdigen zonder probleemgedrag, en jeugdigen met internaliserend en/of externaliserend probleemgedrag. En wat hierbij de mogelijke invloed is van leeftijd en sekse. Methode: De onderzoeksgroep bestaat uit 334 jongens en 211 meisjes van 9 tot 18 jaar, uit het basisonderwijs en middelbaar (beroeps-)onderwijs. Door ouders zijn twee vragenlijsten ingevuld. Met behulp van de SEV is bepaald of er sprake is van gedragsproblematiek, en door middel van de experimentele vragenlijst AVJ is het niveau van adaptieve vaardigheden bepaald. Resultaten: Binnen deze steekproef komt internaliserend probleemgedrag het meeste voor. Gemiddeld functioneren jeugdigen zonder probleemgedrag beter dan jeugdigen met probleemgedrag. Bij comorbiditeit is de beheersing van adaptieve vaardigheden het zwakst. Het grootste tekort voor jeugdigen met externaliserend en jeugdigen met comorbide probleemgedrag is gevonden in de ‘autonomie en zelfsturing’. Voor jeugdigen met internaliserend probleemgedrag is de vaardigheid ‘omgang met leeftijdsgenoten’ het zwakst. De adaptieve vaardigheden nemen toe tot 16 jaar, meisjes functioneren structureel beter dan jongens. Conclusie: De mate van beheersing van adaptieve vaardigheden verschilt tussen jeugdigen zonder probleemgedrag, internaliserend en/of externaliserend probleemgedrag. Leeftijd en sekse spelen in beperkte mate een rol. Voor de omgang en begeleiding van de jeugdigen met gedragsproblemen is het van belang rekening te houden met de specifieke tekorten.Show less
Een callcenter is een afdeling of organisatie die is gespecialiseerd in het afhandelen van telefoonverkeer. Klanten, die bellen naar een callcenter, worden geholpen als er een werknemer beschikbaar...Show moreEen callcenter is een afdeling of organisatie die is gespecialiseerd in het afhandelen van telefoonverkeer. Klanten, die bellen naar een callcenter, worden geholpen als er een werknemer beschikbaar is, anders komen ze in een wachtrij. Er is geen limiet voor de lengte van de wachtrij. De klanten komen aan volgens een Poisson proces met parameter λ. De gespreksduur met een werknemer is exponentieel verdeeld met parameter µ en er zijn s werknemers die de gesprekken voeren. Ten slotte is het ongeduld van de klanten exponentieel verdeeld met parameter γ. Met ongeduld wordt bedoeld de tijd die klanten bereid zijn te wachten voordat ze geholpen worden. Er wordt aangenomen dat klanten niet ophangen tijdens een gesprek met een werknemer. In deze scriptie wordt verder aangenomen dat een callcenter-manager alleen invloed uit kan oefenen op het aantal werknemers s. In veel callcenters wordt momenteel voor het bepalen van het aantal werknemers gezocht naar het aantal werknemers dat nodig is om meer dan tachtig procent van de klanten binnen twintig seconden te helpen. Het is niet eenvoudig te zeggen wat de negatieve gevolgen zijn voor het callcenter door het later behandelen van de overgebleven twintig procent. Ook wordt er in dit systeem geen rekening gehouden met het feit dat klanten voor het ene callcenter langer willen wachten dan voor een ander callcenter. Deze twee nadelen hebben geleid tot het zoeken naar een nieuw systeem. Het nieuwe systeem waar hier naar wordt gekeken, zoekt het aantal werknemers dat nodig is om ervoor te zorgen dat minder dan ´e´en procent van de klanten ongeduldig wegloopt. Hierdoor weet je precies wat het gevolg is van het systeem en je houdt rekening met het verschil tussen callcenters. Er zal in deze scriptie worden uitgelegd hoeveel werknemers een callcenter-manager minimaal in dienst moet nemen om ervoor te zorgen dat minder dan ´e´en procent van de klanten ongeduldig wegloopt. Hierbij wordt eerst gekeken naar het stationaire geval. Vervolgens worden de resultaten van het stationaire geval gebruikt in simulaties om te testen of ze op korte termijn ook bruikbaar zijn.Show less
Dit onderzoek werd geleid door twee hoofdvragen, namelijk: ‘hoe kan binnen het Therapeuticum van Zonnehuizen een cliënttevredenheidsonderzoek uitgevoerd worden?’ en ‘wat is de cliënttevredenheid...Show moreDit onderzoek werd geleid door twee hoofdvragen, namelijk: ‘hoe kan binnen het Therapeuticum van Zonnehuizen een cliënttevredenheidsonderzoek uitgevoerd worden?’ en ‘wat is de cliënttevredenheid binnen het Therapeuticum over de relatie met de therapeut?’ Een uniek en bruikbaar instrument werd ontwikkeld. De vragenlijst omvatte drie domeinen van cliënttevredenheid, namelijk ‘de relatie met de therapeut’, ‘de organisatie en omgeving van de therapie’ en ‘het effect van de therapie’. De interne consistentie van de vragenlijst bleek hoog. De onderzoeksgroep bestond uit 46 cliënten van 9 tot 20 jaar oud met een lichte verstandelijke beperking en bijkomende psychiatrische problematiek, die in april 2011 één van de therapieën binnen Zonnehuizen volgden. Cliënten van het Therapeuticum waren tevreden over de therapieën in het algemeen en waren bijzonder tevreden over hun relatie met de therapeut. Meisjes waren meer tevreden over de algehele therapie dan jongens, maar in tevredenheid over de relatie met hun therapeut bleek geen verschil tussen jongens en meisjes. Er bestonden geen relaties tussen de cliëntkarakteristieken ‘leeftijd’, ‘intelligentie’, ‘gedragsproblemen’, ‘aantal weken therapie’ en de ‘algehele cliënttevredenheid’ en de ‘tevredenheid over de relatie met de therapeut’. De ‘tevredenheid over de relatie met de therapeut’ bleek een grote voorspeller van ‘de tevredenheid over het effect van de therapie’. De thema’s ‘ het aardig vinden van de therapeut’, ‘het op je gemak voelen in de groep en bij de therapeut’ en ‘het begrijpen van de therapeut’ werden door cliënten genoemd als aanvullende punten. Dit onderzoek voorzag in een instrument om jaarlijks de cliënttevredenheid in het Therapeuticum in kaart te brengen en het gaf inzicht in het belang van een kwalitatief goede relatie tussen therapeut en cliënt. De individuele, unieke cliënt van Zonnehuizen is erbij gebaat dat de therapeuten zich blijven inzetten de goede relatie die er is te behouden en wellicht zelfs nog verder te optimaliseren.Show less
This thesis is about constructing an archaeological predictive model for Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean. The idea for this research came out of the political change in the former Netherlands Antilles. On...Show moreThis thesis is about constructing an archaeological predictive model for Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean. The idea for this research came out of the political change in the former Netherlands Antilles. On 10-10-2010 the Netherlands Antilles were dismantled as an autonomous part of the Kingdom of The Netherlands and have formed new political entities. Through this change Bonaire became an overseas municipality of The Netherlands. With this change the bureaucratic system of Bonaire became part of the Dutch bureaucratic system. Bonaire has signed the Valletta Treaty in the meanwhile, which means that the cultural heritage management system has to be transformed into a completely new system. The archaeological predictive models which are described in this thesis can function as useful tools for the new cultural heritage management system on Bonaire. However, this is the first time that a predictive model has been made for Bonaire. These first phase models can be seen as the first steps in the development of predictive modeling on Bonaire. All aspects related to the construction of a predictive model were carefully considered.Show less
An (inhomogeneous) abstract Cauchy problem is a type of differential equation of Banach space valued functions. The only derivate in a Cauchy problem is du dt , where u is the sought-after solution...Show moreAn (inhomogeneous) abstract Cauchy problem is a type of differential equation of Banach space valued functions. The only derivate in a Cauchy problem is du dt , where u is the sought-after solution. However, because we consider such a general setting, we could for example also formulate some systems of multiple higher order differential equations as a Cauchy problem. In section 3 we consider certain stochastic integral equations. The connection with the (inhomogeneous) abstract Cauchy problem is, that the latter is (almost) a special case of the stochastic integral equations that we study. The idea is that the stochastic element adds the resulting effect of random ’white noise’. This can be useful in all sorts of applications, since it can model the effects of small changes one could not predict. We first consider a stochastic integral equation in a separable Hilbert space, for which an existence and uniqueness proof is known (see [GA]). We would like to generalise this by allowing values in an arbitrary Banach space. This is done in section 3.3. We will also prove a boundedness result there. We finish in section 3.4 with some specific examples of stochastic integral equations. I would like to thank my thesis supervisor Onno van Gaans for the effort he has put into guiding me in the right direction. Thanks to his regular help I have always had the sense of really getting somewhere.Show less
