With this master thesis research is conducted using two clarifying theories of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); namely the influence of Theory of Mind (ToM) and Executive Functions (EF) on the...Show moreWith this master thesis research is conducted using two clarifying theories of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); namely the influence of Theory of Mind (ToM) and Executive Functions (EF) on the social behavior of children with ASD and normal developed children. The average age of these children was between 10;6 and 10;7 years. In this research 27 children participated diagnosed with ASD and 83 healthy children participated as control group. Also the parents of both groups of children participated, and were required to fill in questionnaires. Social skills were measured with the help of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), and executive skills were measured using the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX). Furthermore, ToM skills of 27 children with ASD and 83 children from the control group were identified, using the Social Cognitive Skills Test (SCVT). Findings in this study do not confirm the hypothesis that ToM and EF are important theories in relation to the development of social skills by the ASS group. However, in the control group EF appeared to be a good predictor for social behavior.Show less
The aim of this study was to investigate whether cognitive factors, aspects of personality and social factors were associated with reactive and proactive aggression and the influence of these...Show moreThe aim of this study was to investigate whether cognitive factors, aspects of personality and social factors were associated with reactive and proactive aggression and the influence of these factors on the two types of aggression in young adults between 12 – 17 years of age (n =84, M = 13.5, SD = .919). The studied variables were Behavioral Regulation and Metacognition, Sensitivity to Punishment, Reward responsiveness, Impulsivity/fun-seeking and Drive, Callous-unemotional traits and Social skills. The instruments used were ‘Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire’ (RPQ), ‘Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function’ (BRIEF), ‘Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire’ (SPSRQ), ‘Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits’ (ICU) and ‘Social Skills Rating System’ (SSRS). The questionnaires were distributed among participating adolescents and their parents with the help of schools. In the current study Behavioral Regulation, Impulsivity/fun-seeking, Drive and Callous-unemotional traits were associated with Reactive aggression, although these did not remain significant predictors in regression analyses when proactive aggression and callous-unemotional traits were included. Proactive aggression was associated with Drive and Callous-unemotional traits. Reactive aggression and Callous-unemotional traits were the only significant predictors of proactive aggression in regression analysis, with Callous-unemotional traits as the strongest predictor.Show less
Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disease in both modern and past populations. It is a disease caused by several factors such as age, sex, and genetics. Activity is a factor...Show moreOsteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disease in both modern and past populations. It is a disease caused by several factors such as age, sex, and genetics. Activity is a factor which possibly causes osteoarthritis. By using clinical literature, it is examined if activity is truly a cause of osteoarthritis in modern populations. Archaeological literature is then examined, to determine the relationship between activity and osteoarthritis in past populations. The clinical literature is assessed for knee, hip, and spinal column osteoarthritis. In the archaeological literature spinal and hand osteoarthritis were particularly common. In this research, a number of movements were found to be associated with osteoarthritis, such as the link between kneeling and knee osteoarthritis. Many movements were found to be in need of more research. In the archaeological literature no distinct conclusion was found. While there are some promising studies which show that activity is related to osteoarthritis, there are also studies which contradict this. Finally, a number of problems are discussed on comparing clinical and archaeological literature, among others the osteological paradox. Concluding, some sorts of osteoarthritis in the clinical setting are caused by activity but finding this in the archaeological record is difficult. There is more research needed on standards for research on the link between activity and OA.Show less
In deze studie staat de invloed van slaaprestrictie op emotieregulatie van kinderen centraal. Op basis van de literatuur werd ondersteld dat slaaprestrictie een negatieve invloed heeft op...Show moreIn deze studie staat de invloed van slaaprestrictie op emotieregulatie van kinderen centraal. Op basis van de literatuur werd ondersteld dat slaaprestrictie een negatieve invloed heeft op emotieregulatie. Het experimentele onderzoek vond plaats gedurende drie weken onder 57 proefpersonen van acht tot en met elf jaar (M=9.90, SD=0.80). In de eerste week werd de baseline slaapduur gemeten, waarna twee weken volgden waarin de slaapduur gedurende drie nachten een uur per nacht werd beperkt of verlengd. De slaapduur werd gemeten met een slaaplogboek en de emotieregulatie met The Ultimatum Game. Door middel van gepaarde t-toetsen werd onderzocht of slaapbeperking zorgde voor meer afwijzingen in The Ultimatum Game. Er werden hiervoor geen significante effecten gevonden. Uit dit onderzoek blijkt dat slaaprestrictie gedurende drie nachten geen negatieve invloed heeft op de emotieregulatie van kinderen.Show less
