Research master thesis | Archaeology (research) (MA/MSc)
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In the light of the current interests in hybridity in archaeology this thesis tries to find a transparent way to detect hybridity in grey-ware of Early Iron Age Iberia. This pottery type is...Show moreIn the light of the current interests in hybridity in archaeology this thesis tries to find a transparent way to detect hybridity in grey-ware of Early Iron Age Iberia. This pottery type is presumed to be a hybrid ware that has evolved from the influences of local preference for ceramics made with techniques introduced by the Phoenician ‘colonizers’. A case study investigates this issue in the grey-ware assemblage from the site of Cerro Manzanillo in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura. Clearly the analysis of this assemblage poses theoretical as well as practical problems. The obscurities around the parameters to classify grey-ware in the past together with a general lack of understanding about the boundaries and meaning of the stylistic evolution of material culture lead to the conclusion that hybridity is not a good concept to describe this type of material culture. Rather, hybridity can be used to describe the processes behind stylistic change although this is only a valuable classification when this term is defined more accurately.Show less
Research master thesis | Archaeology (research) (MA/MSc)
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A cluster of rich Hallstatt burials in the Lower Rhine Area, geographically distinct from the Hallstatt culture region, holds a special position within northwest Europe due to their relative wealth...Show moreA cluster of rich Hallstatt burials in the Lower Rhine Area, geographically distinct from the Hallstatt culture region, holds a special position within northwest Europe due to their relative wealth and early dating (Roymans 1991, 10). The Dutch Hallstatt burials are generally considered exceptional because they contain grave goods imported from the Hallstatt Core region. The Lower Rhine Area has traditionally been seen as the periphery, separated both geographically and cosmologically from the Core area. Recent discoveries, however, have called this traditional stance into question. In this thesis the four richest Hallstatt burials in the Netherlands, those from Meerlo, Oss, Rhenen and Wijchen, are examined. All artifacts from these graves, including ‘ugly’ and fragmented ones, were inventoried and photographed. During this work several previously unpublished and unknown objects were discovered. For the first time there is now a comprehensive and complete overview of the artifacts from these burials. This revealed that these burial contain (versions of) a specific set of grave goods that includes horse-gear and wagon components, drinking and feasting equipment, sword,paraphernalia associated with personal grooming and adornment, and tools in the form of an axe and knife. Close examination of artifacts revealed signs of wear indicating (at least some of) the grave goods are curated objects. It also established that many objects were manipulated, bent, dismantled, broken and in general made unusable prior to interment. Grave goods and possibly cremation remains were wrapped in precious textiles prior to being placed in an urn. The construction of the cinerary urn was undertaken with great care and was conducted in a structured manner. The information gathered from the grave goods was combined with other archaeological and historical sources to reconstruct the burial rituals that resulted in these rich burials. This work revealed the burial rituals to have been visual displays of transformation. The Early Iron Age people were creating a specific kind of burial containing specific grave goods treated in a particular way. The burial ritual was a transformatory spectacle meant to create and portray a specific identity or personhood for and of the deceased. This work has revealed much regarding the four individual burials examined, and is intended to serve as a starting point for further research into the ‘Hallstatt phenomenon’ in the Lower Rhine Area.Show less
Research master thesis | Archaeology (research) (MA/MSc)
open access
The research is an ethnographic fieldwork in combination with a library research. The information that is used comes from archaeological, historical and ethnographical sources. The ethnographical...Show moreThe research is an ethnographic fieldwork in combination with a library research. The information that is used comes from archaeological, historical and ethnographical sources. The ethnographical research was performed in the province of Jujuy in Argentina. The native people of Jujuy are Collas. They have lost many characteristics of their culture, but they preserve some cultural traits, like agriculture, the gathering and production of salt, the making of traditional music instruments, weaving techniques, the cult to the Pacha Mama and many beliefs and rituals that are combined with the catholic religion. Textiles form a vital part of the Andean society. They have a social and cultural meaning and are used as a form of visual language that is understood by both the weaver and its community. All the aspects giving “life” to textiles, such as their symbols, motives, weaving techniques, the weaver, etc., reflect religious concepts and the social and cultural meaning that they have. Furthermore, textiles are fixed in the cultural memory and identity of the native communities of Jujuy. The cultural identity of theses cultures are materialized in their textiles. This Master thesis focuses on the native communities in the province of Jujuy, Argentina and how their inhabitants experience, live, practice and create their cultural identity through the practice of Andean weaving. The thesis tries to interpret the recuperation of this old Andean weaving practice as a constructor and invigorator of the cultural identity of these native communities.Show less
At De Heidekampweg In Stein, Limburg, The Netherlands, an excavation was performed which yielded remains from both the Neolithic and the late Iron Age. For the Neolithic Bandkeramik (LBK) culture,...Show moreAt De Heidekampweg In Stein, Limburg, The Netherlands, an excavation was performed which yielded remains from both the Neolithic and the late Iron Age. For the Neolithic Bandkeramik (LBK) culture, some special finds were present, which led to a new theory for people living on the borders of the loess. Based on the result of this thesis and current other research, autumn sowing was more likely to have been practiced in Stein. The remains of the late Iron Age showed a large range of low-growing weed species. These are found when crops are reaped very low on the stalk, which was seen as a possible indication for the importance of straw, although we have found no direct evidence for this. Also, almost no pulses were found, which seemed to have been a more general trend in late Iron Age in the surroundings as well. In both periods, it is clear from the weed species found that the soil quality of the fields that were harvested was less than optimal as seen by the presence of acidophilous plants. Because the amount of samples taken in the excavation was (too) little, certain statistical methods could not be employed. For future research, it would be interesting to look at the zoological remains of the site as well to see whether the results agree with this research.Show less
Tracing the origins of ‘modernity’ in the archaeological record has been an ongoing, and often heavily debated topic of discussion in the field of human origins for quite some time. Cognitive...Show moreTracing the origins of ‘modernity’ in the archaeological record has been an ongoing, and often heavily debated topic of discussion in the field of human origins for quite some time. Cognitive modernity – generally defined as the manifestation of complex language and abstract thought – is often inferred from various perceived innovations in material culture that are believed to indicate behavioral modernity (e.g. parietal art, personal adornment, bone tool technology, hafting technology, etc.). One of the more contentious facets of this debate is the subject of fire production during the time when controlled use of fire appeared to become a requisite component of the hominin technological repertoire: the Middle Palaeolithic. The mere presence of traces of fire on a site is not necessarily indicative that it was kindled by artificial means, however. To determine this, one must seek out the ‘tools of the trade’, which for this period were likely flint ‘strike-a-lights’ forcibly applied to fragments of sulphuric iron (more commonly known as marcasite or pyrite). Unfortunately, definitive examples of these tools are conspicuously absent in the archaeological record during the Middle Palaeolithic. Surprisingly, this trend appears to extend even into the early Upper Palaeolithic when modern human colonizers were pouring into Europe. In fact – contrary to the commonly held belief that modern humans were proficient fire-makers by this time – physical evidence of this technology does not appear with any regularity in the modern human tool kit until the mid- to late Upper Palaeolithic despite very regular use of fire by these peoples. One possible reason for this is simply hominids were obligate fire users (as opposed to producers) through the Middle Palaeolithic into the early Upper Palaeolithic. An alternate scenario advocated in this thesis is that both modern humans and Neandertals from the Middle Palaeolithic onward were likely able to make fire at will, but the tools they used to perform this task have not been recognized as such in the archaeological record. Drawing inspiration from the apparent ‘ad hoc’ nature of Middle Palaeolithic lithic technology, this thesis advocates what is called the ‘expedient strike-a-light’ hypothesis. It contends that early strike-a-lights were not formalized tools used to kindle numerous fires such as those recovered from later time periods. Instead, this study postulates strike-a-lights were either A) fashioned from simple, readymade flakes, utilized for only a short while – perhaps for just a single fire-making episode – and then discarded; or B) tools or small flake cores already on hand were expediently used as strike-a-lights. In this latter scenario, it is likely subsequent retouching of the tool would eliminate and evidence of it having been used to kindle a fire. An experimental usewear-based approach to testing the viability of this hypothesis was employed by analyzing the traces left behind on flint flake tools forcibly applied to a nodular piece of sulphuric iron for short periods of time using a variety of techniques with the express purpose of generating sparks. The findings were then compared with archaeological specimens exhibiting seemingly similar wear patterns identified during a comprehensive, low-magnification examination of the lithic collection recovered from the Last Interglacial (~120 ka) site of Neumark-Nord 2/2 (Germany). More detailed analysis using higher magnification found that none of the segregated specimens exhibited the requisite usewear to be considered possible strike-a-lights. Nevertheless, it is the author’s contention that this initial return of negative evidence in no way diminishes the value of this study. The rich and diverse body of data provided by this study, including detailed descriptions of usewear traces observed on both experimental flint strike-a-lights and the sulphuric iron contact material; supporting archaeological evidence culled together from extant literature; preliminary experimental statistical data concerning strike-a-light efficacy; and the novel methods outlined by the ‘expedient strike-a-light’ hypothesis, all combine to provide a solid foundation for future research seeking to shed light on the origins of man-made fire.Show less
In recent decades many European city centers have been (re)developed to accommodate the exponential growth of inhabitants. Roman remains are regularly discovered during construction processes, and...Show moreIn recent decades many European city centers have been (re)developed to accommodate the exponential growth of inhabitants. Roman remains are regularly discovered during construction processes, and their careful excavation can delay construction projects significantly. The 1992 European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage attempted to ensure the protection of archaeological heritage during urban (re)development. This has led to a rather strained relationship between urban planners and heritage managers. Better cooperation between these two stakeholders is necessary. In this thesis, key theories and concepts to improve cooperation are explored. On the basis of a mutual understanding of the similarities and differences between sociocultural and economic values, common ground can be found by the different stakeholders. Furthermore, sustainable tourism is an important concept. Recently an immense growth in cultural heritage tourism has occurred, also stimulated by the World Heritage List. Roman remains are among the most popular attractions, and are well represented on the List. Sustainable tourism is crucial to ensure long-term profit and minimal deterioration of cultural heritage. To create sustainable tourism in city centers, the theories of the ‘heritagescape’ and of the ‘experience economy’ are crucial. Attempting to create sustainable tourism in city centers with Roman remains is what will bring heritage managers and urban planners closer together. It is a common goal in which both these stakeholders’ values are represented. An investigation was conducted which consisted of a literature research and a field research. On the basis of a number of theories, the importance of sustainable heritage tourism was investigated from economic, social, and cultural perspectives. Important topics such as stakeholders, valuation, international legislation, and experience value are explored and explained. Field research was conducted in Rome (Italy), Bath (United Kingdom), and Cologne (Germany). It consisted of explorations of these city centers and interviews with the on-site heritage managers and project leaders. The information gathered was then analyzed. International regulations and valuations always need to be considered. However, through a common understanding of valuation systems of archaeological heritage it is easier to discuss the wants and needs of different stakeholders. Sustainable heritage tourism is beneficial for many parties, and represents many values. It can be created through applying the ‘heritagescape’ and the ‘experience economy’ theories. Fruitful cooperation between urban planners and heritage managers can be created by focusing on the common goal of creating sustainable heritage tourism.Show less
In May 1912 the United States Congress approved a proposal for direct election of the members of the United States Senate. Until then, according to the United States Constitution, members of the...Show moreIn May 1912 the United States Congress approved a proposal for direct election of the members of the United States Senate. Until then, according to the United States Constitution, members of the Senate were chosen by the State Legislatures. The new procedure was laid down in the Seventeenth Amendment and became effective May 31, 1913. This thesis goes into the history of the Seventeenth Amendment and its influence on the standing and image of the Senate after 1913.Show less
This paper attempts to answer the question of why sacrificial rituals were present within the cultures of Iron Age Northern Europe and to what extent human sacrifice in particular was a part of such...Show moreThis paper attempts to answer the question of why sacrificial rituals were present within the cultures of Iron Age Northern Europe and to what extent human sacrifice in particular was a part of such rituals. The assertion is made that sacrificial rituals as a concept represent a common thread woven into the fabric of human culture which manifests itself in different ways but can be observed cross-culturally and throughout time. Human sacrifice, although it represents the most extreme example of the ritualized sacrifice phenomenon can be observed in cultures around the globe. An in depth analysis of the concept of ritual is explored along with an attempt to define the parameters of the phenomenon in terms of how it applied to the culture of Pre-Roman Iron Age and Iron Age Northern Europe. This paper also explores the environmental conditions needed in order for a bog body to be preserved, with specific interest in the key element in the equation of preservation: sphagnan moss. The methods of dating bog bodies are analyzed, with radiocarbon dating usually being the most reliable and accurate. The cultural and spiritual characteristics of the ancient Germanic peoples are also examined as they are related to and give considerable insight into the reasons behind the practices of human sacrifice. A description is made of the various bog bodies which have been discovered and categorized as victims of this behavior and an analysis of the suspected reasons behind their deaths is also presented. Finally, along with the probable reasons behind the question of why a culture might practice human sacrifice and why the ancient Germans in particular engaged in such rituals, an assessment of the various approaches taken to study such things and archaeology in general is also presented.Show less
In this paper, the secondary burials from the late Neolithic in northern Mesopotamia and from Tell Sabi Abyad in Syria are investigated. Secondary burials were found at Bouqras, Tell el-Kerkh,...Show moreIn this paper, the secondary burials from the late Neolithic in northern Mesopotamia and from Tell Sabi Abyad in Syria are investigated. Secondary burials were found at Bouqras, Tell el-Kerkh, Hakemi Use, Yarim Tepe I and II, Tell Hassuna, Halula, Tell es-Sawwan and Arpachiyah. At Tell Sabi Abyad three secondary deposits and nine potential secondary deposits were found. The secondary burials represent only a small portion of the total number of burials that are found. Secondary burials are an exception. Different types of secondary burials from the late Neolithic are found in northern Mesopotamia and at Tell Sabi Abyad. Skulls seem to play an important role. The skulls were removed from graves and reburied. There are also primary and secondary deposits found on floors in buildings. At Tell Sabi Abyad bones of humans and animals are found together in a tholos. At different sites deposits of human and animal bones are found, sometimes together with fragments. These are possibly waste deposits. The secondary burials found at Tell el-Kerkh and Tell es-Sawwan do not seem to correspond with the secondary burials at the other sites. At Tell el-Kerkh pits with many disarticulated human bones are found, these were not found on other sites that were examined. At Tell es-Sawwan red ochre and grave goods were found in secondary burials. At the other sites, no red ochre was found in the secondary burials. Grave goods are rare in the secondary burials found at other sites, and usually only found as fragments in waste deposits.Show less
This paper utilizes unpublished excavation data from Leiden University’s excavation at Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria to examine two types of figurines from the site’s Late Bronze Age Middle Assyrian...Show moreThis paper utilizes unpublished excavation data from Leiden University’s excavation at Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria to examine two types of figurines from the site’s Late Bronze Age Middle Assyrian occupation in the late 13th and 12th centuries BCE. Beyond the contextual and analytical presentation of new material to the archaeological community, it reestablishes an understudied typology through the promotion of a geographical, chronological, cultural, and functional frameworks. This study uses the figurines as a base to explore issues inherent in their find contexts and preservation. After establishing typologies and object catalogs, it explores the archaeological visibility of intentional material disregard, the dynamism of contemporary value attributions to representative material culture, and the interplay of ancient peoples with their local histories. In highlighting the functionality of a symbolic material culture that existed outside the settlement’s imperial sphere, this thesis uses the figurines to reveal the cosmopolitan nature of the common people at Tell Sabi Abyad.Show less
Ceramics have been an object of trade since the Spanish first set foot ashore at the Caribbean in 1492. Many types of ceramics have been transported to the islands, for personal use of the...Show moreCeramics have been an object of trade since the Spanish first set foot ashore at the Caribbean in 1492. Many types of ceramics have been transported to the islands, for personal use of the Spaniards and as exchange objects to trade with the Indians. Colonial sherds have been found at many early contact sites. A comparable study of historical and archaeological sources tells us about the characteristics of this early contact exchange of pottery. Olive jar and Majolicas are amongst the most distributed types of pottery, this is due to the practical aspects of this pottery. Indirectly these sources can also tell us something about the social meaning of the colonial ceramics on a Native America site. They show us how the indigenous inhabitants of the island of Hispaniola experienced these European sherds and how they treated them. A study of the sherds of Olive jar and Columbia Plain at the site El Cabo on the island of Hispaniola reveals us more about this social meaning. Interpretations of the sort of colonial contact, find context of the sherds in relationship with the house structures and other findings of the site, possible modification, the distribution of the sherds and trampling processes give us an insight in the way the Taíno saw the colonial pottery and sherds as a luxury item and how they treated this luxury.Show less
Stichting Kompaan en de Bocht (Kompaan) is een organisatie voor jeugdhulpverlening en biedt hulp bij problemen rondom opgroeien en opvoeden. Moslimpleegzorg staat hoog in het vaandel bij Kompaan,...Show moreStichting Kompaan en de Bocht (Kompaan) is een organisatie voor jeugdhulpverlening en biedt hulp bij problemen rondom opgroeien en opvoeden. Moslimpleegzorg staat hoog in het vaandel bij Kompaan, maar het idee is ontstaan dat er meer breakdowns plaatsvinden in desbetreffende groep dan in de reguliere pleegzorg. Daarom wil Kompaan een onderzoek dat zich richt op de moslimpleegzorg. Uit eerder onderzoek is gebleken dat pleegkindfactoren, pleeggezinfactoren en factoren die te maken hebben met de manier waarop de pleegzorg plaatsvindt worden geassocieerd met het plaatsingsverloop (Van Ooijen en Strijker (2010), Farmer, Moyers en Lipscombe, 2004, Van de Loo, 2008). Daarom worden deze factoren in onderstaand onderzoek geanalyseerd bij 46 moslimpleegkinderen en pleeggezinnen. Dit is de gehele moslimpopulatie van Kompaan. Bij iets meer dan de helft van deze kinderen heeft een breakdown plaatsgevonden. Doordat dit onderzoek zich specifiek op moslimpleegzorg richt, wordt de etniciteit, religie, opvoedingsstijl en manier van hulpverlening meegenomen. Uit onderzoek van de Graaf (1995) blijkt dat angst van de roddel in de Islamitsche gezinnen groot is. Ook wordt aangegeven dat er bij hulpverleneners kennis moet zijn van cultuur en tradities. Vrouwenzaken, zoals de opvoeding, worden met vrouwen besproken. Mannen hebben (nog) geen rol in de opvoedingsproblemen. Het is belangrijk dat de problemen die in een gezin spelen, binnen het gezin blijven en dus niet met buitenstaanders worden besproken. En het geloof speelt een rol in het dagelijks leven van veel moslims. In dit onderzoek worden vijf significante verschillen gevonden. De etniciteit van een pleegkind lijkt bepalend voor het verloop van een plaatsing. Daarnaast komt naar voren dat het contact met vader en het verloop van dit contact een rol speelt bij het verloop van een plaatsing. De etniciteit en het geslacht van de pleegzorgwerker maken ook een verschil wanneer het om moslimpleegzorgplaatsingen gaat. Het onderzoek geeft inzicht in de variabelen die mogelijk van invloed zijn op de moslimpleegzorgplaatsingen. Er dient rekening gehouden te worden met het lage aantal participanten en daardoor ook de beperkingen van de resultaten. Door de kleine onderzoeksgroep kan dit een vertekend beeld geven. De resultaten van dit onderzoek kunnen uitgangspunten zijn voor vervolgonderzoek. Daarnaast worden er aandachtspunten voor Kompaan beschreven.Show less
Research master thesis | History: Societies and Institutions (research) (MA)
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This study compares the role played by Dutch and American engineers in the colonial governments of the Netherlands Indies and the American-controlled Philippines in the 1900-1920 timeframe. It...Show moreThis study compares the role played by Dutch and American engineers in the colonial governments of the Netherlands Indies and the American-controlled Philippines in the 1900-1920 timeframe. It contends that these colonial engineers extensively influenced the practical implementation of the civilizing missions of that were formulated in the United States and the Netherlands around 1900. Through the use of a sustained comparison between the activities of the engineers in these two Western countries and their tropical colonies the unique aspects of the American policy of “benevolent assimilation” and the Dutch “ethical policy” will be drawn into focus. This study makes use of the technocracy heuristic to analyze the behavior and ambitions of the engineers. Technocracy in this case refers to rule by experts, a goal that many members of the engineering profession that had emerged in both countries in the 1890s strove for. Such a political system could not be implemented in the Dutch and American metropoles, but in the colonies the engineers faced fewer obstacles to their political agenda. The technocratic ambitions of the engineers are reconstructed here by analyzing the rhetoric they used and the discourses they drew upon in their journals. In the first part of this study the emergence of the engineering profession in the Netherlands Indies and the United States is compared. The rhetoric of the engineers on either side of the Atlantic evinces important similarities, as does the receptiveness of politicians and public to their ideas. The new mode of imperialism and the civilizing missions that either country articulated concurrently also bear close resemblance. A series of vignettes in the second part of this study describing the practices and ideology of the colonial engineers working in the Netherlands Indies and the Philippines reveals how the meanings of the technologies they used were socially constructed. They show that the Americans possessed a unique willingness to have the Filipinos participate in their developmental strategy, whereas the Dutch did not cross the ethnographic separation from the Indonesians. This finding to an extent confirms the “exceptionalism” of American empire in this period.Show less
In de archeologie van het Nabije Oosten zijn zegels veel en uitgebreid bestudeerde objecten. Deze studie richt zich echter vooral op de afbeeldingen op de zegels, en op de rol van de zegels in...Show moreIn de archeologie van het Nabije Oosten zijn zegels veel en uitgebreid bestudeerde objecten. Deze studie richt zich echter vooral op de afbeeldingen op de zegels, en op de rol van de zegels in handel. In deze scriptie kijk ik naar de rol en de waarde van zegels in een Bronstijd samenleving op Bahrein, niet in eerste plaats aan de hand van de afbeeldingen erop, maar vooral naar de archeologische context van de zegels. Ik behandel de verschillende plaatsen in het dorp waar de zegels gevonden zijn, en aan de hand daarvan probeer ik mijn onderzoeksvragen te beantwoorden.Show less
Op zoek naar een onderwerp voor mijn afstudeerscriptie kwam ik in gesprek met Els Langenfeld. Els Langenfeld, woonachtig op Curaçao, publiceert al vele jaren historische verhalen in het Antilliaans...Show moreOp zoek naar een onderwerp voor mijn afstudeerscriptie kwam ik in gesprek met Els Langenfeld. Els Langenfeld, woonachtig op Curaçao, publiceert al vele jaren historische verhalen in het Antilliaans Dagblad. Gert Oostindie zegt over haar artikelen dat deze uitstekend gedocumenteerd zijn en gebaseerd op goed bronnenonderzoek. Momenteel werkt Langenfeld aan haar proefschrift met als onderwerp de slaven van Curaçao in de negentiende eeuw. Zij had onderzoek gedaan naar Regina Jesurun, ex-slavin, vrijgekocht door haar moeder in 1782 , zelf licht van kleur, die samenwoonde met een joodse koopman, Isaac Abinun de Lima. Ondanks haar sociale status was Regina zakelijk succesvol. Onduidelijk is of haar onwettige relatie met een jood hierin een obstakel vormde of juist een voordeel was. Bij haar dood liet zij veel onroerend goed en slaven achter, terwijl haar partner Isaac, beduidend minder achterliet en waarschijnlijk zelfs schulden had. Tijdens het onderzoek van Langenfeld viel haar op dat er in de jaren 30 – 40 in de negentiende eeuw veel gevallen waren waarbij nazaten afzagen van de erfenis vanwege de onzekere staat van de boedel. Ook de kinderen van Isaac zagen af van de erfenis. Via haar onderzoek naar Regina kwam Langenfeld op het pad van Genereux, hun jongste zoon, die ook een geslaagd zakenman werd. In het Antilliaans Dagblad gaat Els Langenfeld de discussie aan met Alex Rosaria, partijleider van PAIS, die in zijn functie van voorzitter van de Stichting Dr. Mr. M.F. Da Costa Gomez, had voorgesteld om de J.H.J. Hamelbergweg te veranderen in Genereux Jacob Richard de Lima. Hetgeen Rosaria overigens ontkent in zijn ingezonden stuk: hij zou nimmer hebben gesproken over het veranderen van een naambord, maar is wel van mening dat op Curaçao mensen als Genereux meer ‘in het zonnetje’ gezet moeten gaan worden. Volgens hem was Genereux het eerste lid van de Koloniale Raad die protesteerde tegen het feit dat er op Curaçao niet gestemd mocht worden. Dat er een weg werd vernoemd naar Hamelberg terwijl hij het kiesrecht alleen aan de protestanten gunde en er niets naar Genereux is vernoemd, acht hij niet terecht. De Stichting Dr. Mr. M.F. Da Costa Gomez zal al het nodige doen om deze grote man te eren. Langenfeld is er van overtuigd dat Genereux de lof die hem wordt toegewuifd door Rosaria, vanwege zijn vermeende voortrekkersrol in de emancipatie van het Curaçaose volk, niet toekomt. Genereux zou volgens haar alleen tot doel hebben gehad de groep kleurlingen meer te emanciperen. Aangezien er nauwelijks bronnenonderzoek heeft plaatsgevonden naar Genereux de Lima acht zij dan ook vooralsnog niet bewezen dat hij een belangrijke rol heeft gespeeld in de emancipatie van de ‘yúnan di Kòrsou’. Ik begrijp inmiddels dat Genereux qua karakter niet bepaald sympathie oproept. Els Langenfeld zegt dat hij geen gemakkelijke man moet zijn geweest, hij had een moeilijk karakter en hij kwam diverse malen in conflict met anderen en Hubert Cabaña schrijft dat Genereux bekend stond als een eerzuchtig persoon met een opvliegend karakter. Echter zijn personage is nooit geplaatst binnen de context van zijn tijd. Met de ogen van nu is het onmogelijk te oordelen over het gedrag van toen, zonder het bestuderen van de samenleving van toen. Of Genereux de Lima inderdaad de eerste kleurling was binnen de Koloniale Raad en of hij een strijder was voor de emancipatie van de totale Curaçaose bevolking is nauwelijks onderzocht. De stellingen daarover worden niet gestaafd met verwijzingen naar primair bronnenonderzoek. Doelstelling van deze scriptie zal dan ook zijn te onderzoeken of : a. Genereux J.R. de Lima als eerste kleurling zitting had in de Koloniale Raad; b. Hij vocht voor algemeen kiesrecht en voor emancipatie van de ‘yúnan di Kòrsou’.Show less
Binnen organisaties is er een groeiende interesse waar te nemen voor Web 2.0, hierna aangeduid als Digitale Technologische Elementen 2.0. Om te kijken welke rol DTE 2.0 kunnen spelen binnen het...Show moreBinnen organisaties is er een groeiende interesse waar te nemen voor Web 2.0, hierna aangeduid als Digitale Technologische Elementen 2.0. Om te kijken welke rol DTE 2.0 kunnen spelen binnen het corporate curriculum van organisaties in Nederland, is er een onderzoek uitgevoerd onder 156 hoger opgeleide en werkzame respondenten. De gegevens zijn verzameld via een vragenlijst bestaande uit gesloten en open vragen. Naast een kwantitatieve analyse met behulp van beschrijvende statistiek en Chi-kwadraat¬toetsen, is een kwalitatieve analyse uitgevoerd. De resultaten van het onderzoek tonen aan dat binnen de drie onderzochte werkcontextelementen (werkoverleg, externe gerichtheid en ontwikkelend leren) tweederde van de respondenten gebruik maakt van DTE 2.0. Het meest gebruikte DTE 2.0 is LinkedIn. Het belangrijkste functionele kenmerk waar een DTE 2.0 aan moet voldoen in de werkcontext, is snelheid. Voor wat betreft leerondersteunende kenmerken moet DTE 2.0 volgens de respondenten met name aansluiten bij het eigen competentieniveau van de gebruiker. DTE 2.0 heeft als meest positieve eigenschap voor het leerproces dat gebruikers in contact worden gebracht met andere experts. Versnippering van tijd wordt als meest belemmerend ervaren voor het leerproces. Verder komt uit de analyse met behulp van de Chi-kwadraattoets naar voren dat de leerfunctie probleemoplossende vaardigheden significante afhankelijkheid vertoont met het gebruik van DTE 2.0 binnen de werkcontext externe gerichtheid. Respondenten vinden dus dat het gebruik van DTE2.0 in die context de ontwikkeling van hun probleemoplossende vaardigheden meer stimuleert. Hetzelfde geldt voor de ontwikkeling van de leerfunctie zelfregulatie bij gebruik van DTE2.0 binnen die context. Er werd daarnaast significante afhankelijkheid gevonden tussen de werkcontext ontwikkelend leren en de leerfunctie zelfregulatie. Er is geen significant effect gevonden tussen het wel of niet gebruiken van DTE 2.0 binnen de drie werkcontexten en de mate van innovatie. Uit de kwalitatieve analyse komt naar voren dat de respondenten een positieve toekomst¬verwachting hebben over leren en innoveren in hun eigen organisatie via DTE 2.0. Over het algemeen genomen scoort de non-profitbranche lager dan de profitbranche bij het toepassen van DTE 2.0 binnen de drie gemeten werkcontextelementen.Show less
In deze thesis wordt nagegaan hoe het informatiesysteem van de VOC werkte. Hoe kwam de compagnie aan haar informatie, hoe werd deze geregistreerd, en door wie werd deze geregistreerd? Welke weg...Show moreIn deze thesis wordt nagegaan hoe het informatiesysteem van de VOC werkte. Hoe kwam de compagnie aan haar informatie, hoe werd deze geregistreerd, en door wie werd deze geregistreerd? Welke weg legden de documenten binnen het informatienetwerk van de compagnie af? Door de Amerikaanse antropologe Ann Stoler wordt verondersteld dat een archief een zekere ‘pulse’ heeft, een polsslag waarmee documenten door een organisatie in verschillende snelheden en hoeveelheden werd uitgewisseld. In dit onderzoek wordt gekeken welke onderwerpen in de jaren 1737-1750 in de administratie van de VOC het meest van belang waren, en wordt onderzocht of er onderwerpen zijn waarover met een ‘verhoogde polsslag’ besluiten werden genomen, rapporten werden geproduceerd en correspondentie werd uitgewisseld. Ann Stoler introduceert ook het concept van het ‘archival event,’ gerelateerd aan deze verhoogde polsslag. In dit onderzoek wordt een methode gepresenteerd waarmee archival events mogelijk terug te vinden zijn in de archieven. De vraag of dit een werkbare methode oplevert, is een subvraag van dit onderzoek. De hoofdvraag van deze thesis is of er een ‘pulse’ waarneembaar is in de archieven van de VOC en of – door mogelijke ‘archival events’ op te sporen – het informatiesysteem en –netwerk van de VOC in kaart gebracht kan worden. Twee van de gevonden mogelijke archival events – de Chinezenmoord in Batavia (1740) en een administratieve crisis rond het buitenkantoor in Perzië (1737) – worden daartoe nader uitgediept. De thesis is gebaseerd op onderzoek in de archieven van de Heeren XVII (geborgen in het Nationaal Archief, Den Haag) en de Hoge Regering (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, Jakarta).Show less
In deze scriptie staat de volgende hoofdvraag centraal: Wat zijn de overeenkomsten en verschillen tussen het paardentuig dat is aangetroffen op de Romeinse vindplaats te Naaldwijk en de Romeinse...Show moreIn deze scriptie staat de volgende hoofdvraag centraal: Wat zijn de overeenkomsten en verschillen tussen het paardentuig dat is aangetroffen op de Romeinse vindplaats te Naaldwijk en de Romeinse vindplaats aan de Scheveningseweg in Den Haag? In de Romeinse periode was het landschap van West-Nederland dynamisch. Bewoning was in de hooggelegen gebieden gelegen. In de hooggelegen gebieden en de duinen zijn de omstandigheden voor de conservering van het paardentuig niet ideaal. De vindplaats in Naaldwijk was gelegen op een haakwal. Er is in 2004, 2007 en 2008 opgegraven. Er zijn zes bewoningsfasen te onderscheiden. Daaruit blijkt dat het om een ruraal inheemse nederzetting gaat. In de 6e bewoningsfase werd er Romeins materiaal uit de omgeving hergebruikt. De vindplaats aan de Scheveningseweg was gelegen op een strandwal. Er is van 1984 tot 1987 vlakdekkend opgegraven. Er zijn twee bewoningsfasen te onderscheiden. De 1e fase betreft het een boerenerf. In de 2e fase gaat het om een militaire vicus. Romeins paardentuig kan in militaire of civiele context zijn gebruikt. In de typochronologie is het paardentuig op basis van de typochronologie van Nicolay beschreven. Aan de hand van de archeologische context waarin het materiaal is gevonden kan worden bepaald hoe het paardentuig is gebruikt. In Naaldwijk zijn 21 stuks paardentuig aangetroffen, aan de Scheveningseweg dertien stuks paardentuig. Aan de Scheveningseweg is relatief gezien de hoeveelheid paardentuig veel hoger. Ook is de samenstelling is anders dan in Naaldwijk. Het paardentuig uit Naaldwijk is iets breder gedateerd. Deze duidelijke verschillen zijn te verklaren door de militaire context van de Scheveningseweg enerzijds en de civiele context van Naaldwijk.Show less
This study investigates the consistency of the parental social functioning and executive functions in children. Known is the impact of social strain in parents on their functioning and that the...Show moreThis study investigates the consistency of the parental social functioning and executive functions in children. Known is the impact of social strain in parents on their functioning and that the parental behaviour influences the development of executive functions in children. But unknown is if there is a consistency of parental social functioning on executive functions in children. The 76 boys and 84 girls are aged four to seven years and tested at school. Their parents completed questionnaires. The parental social functioning is represented by two variables, the experience of social strain and the frequency of behaviour in social situations. The executive functions in children that are involved are cognitive flexibility, inhibition and working memory. The experience of social strain in parents does have a significant correlation with cognitive flexibility and inhibition in children. There are no significant relations found between the frequency of behaviour in social situations and working memory. Apparently, current research shows that social strain in parents has a relation with cognitive flexibility and inhibition in children, which may clear the impact of regulation in parents on the development of executive functions in children. A recommendation for further research is to check the executive functions in parents because of the possibility of heredity factors.Show less
